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Test 11 · ★★ · Active and passive voice, modal verbs

Formal letter from the council: "Bins shall be put out on Tuesday." What does "shall" do here?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: Formal letter · What happens: put out, do · To what, where: Bins

This is test 11 · ★★ of lesson 32 «Active and passive voice, modal verbs» of the English course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Formal letter from the council: "Bins shall be put out on Tuesday."

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Formal	formal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 letter	amod
2	letter	letter	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	from	from	ADP	_	5 council	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 council	det
5	council	council	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 letter	nmod
6	:	:	PUNCT	_	11 put	punct
7	"	"	PUNCT	_	11 put	punct
8	Bins	bin	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 put	nsubj:pass
9	shall	shall	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	11 put	aux
10	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	11 put	aux:pass
11	put	put	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 letter	acl
12	out	out	ADP	_	11 put	compound:prt
13	on	on	ADP	_	14 Tuesday	case
14	Tuesday	Tuesday	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 put	obl
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 letter	punct
16	"	"	PUNCT	_	2 letter	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	put out in a quote	shall · passive	Formal letter from the council not said here	Bins			tuesday		vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: subject=Goal

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What does "shall" do here?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	6 do	obj
2	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 do	aux
3	"	"	PUNCT	_	6 do	punct
4	shall	shall	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 do	aux
5	"	"	PUNCT	_	6 do	punct
6	do	do	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	here	here	ADV	PronType=Dem	6 do	advmod
8	?	?	PUNCT	_	6 do	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	do	shall · present · do-support				here			vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Eventuality

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It states a rule, like "must"

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 states	nsubj
2	states	state	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 rule	det
4	rule	rule	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 states	obj
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 must	punct
6	like	like	ADP	_	8 must	case
7	"	"	PUNCT	_	8 must	punct
8	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	2 states	obl
9	"	"	PUNCT	_	8 must	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	state speech: other	present	It	a rule					vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent rule=Topic

Option 2

It shows the past

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 shows	nsubj
2	shows	show	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 past	det
4	past	past	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 shows	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	show	present	It	the past					vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent past=Recipient

Option 3

It asks a polite question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 asks	nsubj
2	asks	ask	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 question	det
4	polite	polite	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 question	amod
5	question	question	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 asks	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	ask speech: ask	present	It	a polite question					vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent question=Recipient

Option 4

It shows a guess

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 shows	nsubj
2	shows	show	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 guess	det
4	guess	guess	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 shows	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	show	present	It	a guess					vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent guess=Recipient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/english/32-active-and-passive-voice-modal-verbs/t11/