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Test 11 · Direct speech: inverted commas and new speakers

A UK book uses 'single marks' all through; then on page 40 it uses "double". What is the problem?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: UK book, book, problem · What happens: use, be · To what, where: single marks, double, page

This is test 11 of lesson 35 «Direct speech: inverted commas and new speakers» of the English course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A UK book uses 'single marks' all through; then on page 40 it uses "double".

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 book	det
2	UK	UK	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 book	compound
3	book	book	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 uses	nsubj
4	uses	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	'	'	PUNCT	_	7 marks	punct
6	single	single	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 marks	amod
7	marks	mark	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 uses	obj
8	'	's	PART	_	7 marks	case
9	all	all	ADV	_	10 through	advmod
10	through	through	ADV	_	4 uses	advmod
11	;	;	PUNCT	_	17 uses	punct
12	then	then	ADV	PronType=Dem	17 uses	advmod
13	on	on	ADP	_	14 page	case
14	page	page	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 uses	obl
15	40	40	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	14 page	flat
16	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	17 uses	nsubj
17	uses	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 uses	conj
18	"	"	PUNCT	_	19 double	punct
19	double	double	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 uses	obj
20	"	"	PUNCT	_	19 double	punct
21	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 uses	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	use	present	a UK book	single marks				through property	vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mark=Patient
2	use	present	book	double		page	then		vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent double=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is the problem?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	root	root
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 What	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 problem	det
4	problem	problem	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 What	nsubj
5	?	?	PUNCT	_	1 What	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	the problem						tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It is not consistent

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 consistent	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 consistent	cop
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 consistent	advmod
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not is	present	It					consistent property	tree rules

Option 2

Single marks are always wrong

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Single	single	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 marks	amod
2	marks	mark	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 wrong	nsubj
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 wrong	cop
4	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	5 wrong	advmod
5	wrong	wrong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Single marks					always, wrong property	tree rules

Option 3

Double marks are against the law

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Double	double	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 marks	amod
2	marks	mark	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 law	nsubj
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 law	cop
4	against	against	ADP	_	6 law	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 law	det
6	law	law	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Double marks					against the law	tree rules

Option 4

Nothing, it is better to mix

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	5 better	nsubj
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Nothing	punct
3	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 better	expl
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 better	cop
5	better	good	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
6	to	to	PART	_	7 mix	mark
7	mix	mix	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 better	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Nothing					good property	tree rules
2	mix	to-infinitive	Nothing not said here						vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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