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Test 6 · Direct speech: inverted commas and new speakers

A Gen Z cousin writes: "I'm dead," she laughed. ("I'm dead" means that's so funny.) Is the punctuation right?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: Z cousin, I, cousin, that · What happens: write, be, laugh, mean · To what, where: punctuation · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 6 of lesson 35 «Direct speech: inverted commas and new speakers» of the English course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A Gen Z cousin writes: "I'm dead," she laughed.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 cousin	det
2	Gen	gen	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 Z	compound
3	Z	z	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 cousin	compound
4	cousin	cousin	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 writes	nsubj
5	writes	write	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	:	:	PUNCT	_	10 dead	punct
7	"	"	PUNCT	_	10 dead	punct
8	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	10 dead	nsubj
9	'm	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 dead	cop
10	dead	dead	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 writes	ccomp
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 laughed	punct
12	"	"	PUNCT	_	14 laughed	punct
13	she	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 laughed	nsubj
14	laughed	laugh	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	10 dead	conj
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 writes	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	write	present	a Z cousin						vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	is in a quote	present	I					dead property	tree rules
3	laugh	past	cousin						vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: ("I'm dead" means that's so funny.)

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	5 dead	punct
2	"	"	PUNCT	_	5 dead	punct
3	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	5 dead	nsubj
4	'm	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 dead	cop
5	dead	dead	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 means	csubj
6	"	"	PUNCT	_	5 dead	punct
7	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	11 funny	nsubj
9	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 funny	cop
10	so	so	ADV	_	11 funny	advmod
11	funny	funny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 means	ccomp
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 means	punct
13	)	)	PUNCT	_	7 means	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is in a quote	present	I					dead property	tree rules
2	mean	present							vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent
3	is	present	that					funny property	tree rules

Sentence 3: Is the punctuation right?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 punctuation	cop
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 punctuation	det
3	punctuation	punctuation	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	right	right	ADV	_	3 punctuation	advmod
5	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 punctuation	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present		the punctuation				right property	tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Yes, the comma is inside the marks

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	8 marks	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Yes	punct
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 comma	det
4	comma	comma	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 marks	nsubj
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 marks	cop
6	inside	inside	ADP	_	8 marks	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 marks	det
8	marks	mark	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the comma			the marks			tree rules

Option 2

Yes, but only because she laughed

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	7 laughed	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 laughed	punct
3	but	but	CCONJ	_	7 laughed	cc
4	only	only	ADV	_	7 laughed	advmod
5	because	because	SCONJ	_	7 laughed	mark
6	she	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 laughed	nsubj
7	laughed	laugh	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	laugh	past	she						vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 3

No, slang can't go in speech marks

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	6 go	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 No	punct
3	slang	slang	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 go	nsubj
4	ca	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 go	aux
5	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	6 go	advmod
6	go	go	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
7	in	in	ADP	_	9 marks	case
8	speech	speech	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 marks	compound
9	marks	mark	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 go	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not go	can	slang			speech marks			vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in mark=Location

Option 4

No, the comma must go outside the marks

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	6 go	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 No	punct
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 comma	det
4	comma	comma	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 go	nsubj
5	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 go	aux
6	go	go	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
7	outside	outside	ADP	_	9 marks	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 marks	det
9	marks	mark	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 go	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	go	must	the comma			the marks			vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme outside mark=Location

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/english/35-direct-speech-inverted-commas-and-new-speakers/t6/