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Test 9 · ★★★ · Brackets, dashes, colons, semicolons and hyphens

Your brother writes "I like my teacher – she is funny – she is kind – she is fair – she is tall." What would a good editor say?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: brother, I, teacher, good editor · What happens: write, like, be, say · To what, where: teacher · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 9 · ★★★ of lesson 36 «Brackets, dashes, colons, semicolons and hyphens» of the English course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Your brother writes "I like my teacher – she is funny – she is kind – she is fair – she is tall."

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 brother	nmod:poss
2	brother	brother	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 writes	nsubj
3	writes	write	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	"	"	PUNCT	_	6 like	punct
5	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	6 like	nsubj
6	like	like	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 writes	ccomp
7	my	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 teacher	nmod:poss
8	teacher	teacher	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 like	obj
9	–	-	PUNCT	_	12 funny	punct
10	she	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 funny	nsubj
11	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 funny	cop
12	funny	funny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 writes	parataxis
13	–	-	PUNCT	_	16 kind	punct
14	she	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	16 kind	nsubj
15	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	16 kind	cop
16	kind	kind	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 funny	conj
17	–	-	PUNCT	_	20 fair	punct
18	she	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	20 fair	nsubj
19	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	20 fair	cop
20	fair	fair	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 kind	conj
21	–	-	PUNCT	_	24 tall	punct
22	she	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	24 tall	nsubj
23	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	24 tall	cop
24	tall	tall	ADJ	Degree=Pos	20 fair	conj
25	.	.	PUNCT	_	20 fair	punct
26	"	"	PUNCT	_	3 writes	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	write	present	Your brother						vn say-37.7-1 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	like in a quote	present	I	my teacher					vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot teacher=Theme
3	is in a quote	present	teacher					funny property	tree rules
4	is in a quote	present	teacher					kind property	tree rules
5	is in a quote	present	teacher					fair property	tree rules
6	is in a quote	present	teacher					tall property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What would a good editor say?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	6 say	obj
2	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 say	aux
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 editor	det
4	good	good	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 editor	amod
5	editor	editor	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 say	nsubj
6	say	say	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
7	?	?	PUNCT	_	6 say	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	would	a good editor						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent what=Topic

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Too many dashes lose their effect

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Too	too	ADV	_	2 many	advmod
2	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 dashes	amod
3	dashes	dash	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 lose	nsubj
4	lose	lose	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	6 effect	nmod:poss
6	effect	effect	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 lose	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	lose	present	many dashes	dashes's effect					vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent effect=Eventuality
2	effect		dashes = dash						nom effect «phenomenon transitive»: poss=agent

Option 2

It needs even more dashes to be clear

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 needs	nsubj
2	needs	need	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	even	even	ADV	_	4 more	advmod
4	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	5 dashes	amod
5	dashes	dash	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 needs	obj
6	to	to	PART	_	8 clear	mark
7	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	8 clear	cop
8	clear	clear	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 needs	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	need	present	It	more dashes					vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot dash=Theme
2	is	to-infinitive						clear property	tree rules

Option 3

It is perfect, dashes are always best

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 perfect	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 perfect	cop
3	perfect	perfect	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 best	punct
5	dashes	dash	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 best	nsubj
6	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 best	cop
7	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	8 best	advmod
8	best	good	ADJ	Degree=Sup	3 perfect	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	It					perfect property	tree rules
2	is	present	dashes					always, good property	tree rules

Option 4

Dashes can never be used in a list

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Dashes	dash	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 used	nsubj:pass
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 used	aux
3	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	5 used	advmod
4	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	5 used	aux:pass
5	used	use	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	in	in	ADP	_	8 list	case
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 list	det
8	list	list	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 used	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not use	can · passive		Dashes		a list			vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/english/36-brackets-dashes-colons-semicolons-and-hyphens/t9/