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Test 11 · Spoken language: presenting and show-and-tell

Sam's talk lasts 2 minutes, but he says "um" 30 times. Which change helps the audience most?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: talk, Sam, change · What happens: last, say, talk, help · To what, where: um, audience · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 11 of lesson 48 «Spoken language: presenting and show-and-tell» of the English course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Sam's talk lasts 2 minutes, but he says "um" 30 times.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Sam	Sam	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 talk	nmod:poss
2	's	's	PART	_	1 Sam	case
3	talk	talk	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 lasts	nsubj
4	lasts	last	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	2	2	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	6 minutes	nummod
6	minutes	minute	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 lasts	obj
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 says	punct
8	but	but	CCONJ	_	10 says	cc
9	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 says	nsubj
10	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 lasts	parataxis
11	"	"	PUNCT	_	12 um	punct
12	um	um	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 says	obj
13	"	"	PUNCT	_	12 um	punct
14	30	30	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	15 times	nummod
15	times	time	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 says	obl:unmarked
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 lasts	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	last	present	Sam's talk				minute		vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme
2	say speech: assert	present	talk	um			time		vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent um=Topic
3	talk		Sam						nom talk «communication intransitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Which change helps the audience most?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	DET	PronType=Int	2 change	det
2	change	change	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 helps	nsubj
3	helps	help	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 audience	det
5	audience	audience	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 helps	obj
6	most	most	ADJ	Degree=Sup	3 helps	obj
7	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 helps	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	help	present	which change	the audience					tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Using longer, posher words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Using	use	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	root	root
2	longer	long	ADV	Degree=Cmp	1 Using	advmod
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 words	punct
4	posher	posh	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	5 words	amod
5	words	word	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Using	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	use	gerund		posher words				long property	vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 2

Adding slides packed with text

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Adding	add	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	2 slides	amod
2	slides	slide	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
3	packed	pack	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 slides	acl
4	with	with	ADP	_	5 text	case
5	text	text	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 packed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	add speech: assert	gerund							vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient
2	pack	participle		Adding slides not said here				with text	vn spray-9.7-1-1 «NP V NP.destination PP.theme»: agent=Agent with text=Theme

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

Pausing instead of saying "um"

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Pausing	pause	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
2	instead	instead	ADV	ExtPos=SCONJ	4 saying	mark
3	of	of	ADP	_	2 instead	fixed
4	saying	say	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	1 Pausing	advcl
5	"	"	PUNCT	_	6 um	punct
6	um	um	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 saying	obj
7	"	"	PUNCT	_	6 um	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	pause	gerund							vn linger-53.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent
2	say speech: assert	gerund		um					vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent um=Topic

Option 4

Talking faster to fit in more

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Talking	talk	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 faster	nsubj
2	faster	fast	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
3	to	to	PART	_	4 fit	mark
4	fit	fit	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 faster	advcl
5	in	in	ADP	_	6 more	case
6	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	4 fit	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	talk	gerund							vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	fit	to-infinitive				more			vn funnel-9.3-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent in more=Trajectory

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/english/48-spoken-language-presenting-and-show-and-tell/t11/