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Test 1 · ★★★ · Olympiad: Breakthrough puzzles in made-up languages

Your mate says, "You can't do UKLO unless you already speak loads of languages." Put him right.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: mate, You · What happens: say, not uklo, speak, put · To what, where: loads, mate · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 1 · ★★★ of lesson 58 «Olympiad: Breakthrough puzzles in made-up languages» of the English course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Your mate says, "You can't do UKLO unless you already speak loads of languages."

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 mate	nmod:poss
2	mate	mate	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 says	nsubj
3	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 says	punct
5	"	"	PUNCT	_	10 UKLO	punct
6	You	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	10 UKLO	nsubj
7	ca	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	10 UKLO	aux
8	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	10 UKLO	advmod
9	do	do	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	10 UKLO	aux
10	UKLO	uklo	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 says	ccomp
11	unless	unless	SCONJ	_	14 speak	mark
12	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	14 speak	nsubj
13	already	already	ADV	_	14 speak	advmod
14	speak	speak	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 UKLO	advcl
15	loads	load	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 speak	obj
16	of	of	ADP	_	17 languages	case
17	languages	language	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 loads	nmod
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	10 UKLO	punct
19	"	"	PUNCT	_	10 UKLO	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	Your mate						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	not uklo in a quote	can · do-support	You						tree rules
3	speak speech: other a condition, not said to happen, in a quote	present	you	loads of languages					tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Put him right.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Put	put	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	1 Put	obj
3	right	right	ADV	_	1 Put	advmod
4	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Put	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	put	imperative	you not said here		mate			right property	vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent he=Goal

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

You must speak three languages

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	You	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	3 speak	nsubj
2	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 speak	aux
3	speak	speak	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	three	three	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	5 languages	nummod
5	languages	language	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 speak	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	speak speech: other	must	You	three languages					tree rules

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

Everything you need is in the data

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Everything	everything	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Tot	7 data	nsubj
2	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	3 need	nsubj
3	need	need	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 Everything	acl:relcl
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 data	cop
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 data	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 data	det
7	data	data	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	need	present	you						vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot
2	is	present	Everything			the data			tree rules

Option 3

You must already speak it

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	You	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	4 speak	nsubj
2	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 speak	aux
3	already	already	ADV	_	4 speak	advmod
4	speak	speak	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 speak	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	speak speech: other	must	You	it					tree rules

Option 4

Only grown-ups may take part

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Only	only	ADV	_	4 ups	advmod
2	grown	grow	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 ups	amod
3	-	-	PUNCT	_	2 grown	punct
4	ups	up	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 take	nsubj
5	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 take	aux
6	take	take	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
7	part	part	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 take	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	grow	participle							vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	take	may	grown ups	part					vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent part=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/english/58-olympiad-breakthrough-puzzles-in-made-up-languages/t1/