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Test 3 · ★★★ · Olympiad: Breakthrough puzzles in made-up languages

A Ruvan cartoon says the first word always does the seeing, like in English. Fix it.

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Ruvan cartoon, first word, you · What happens: say, do, see, fix · To what, where: English, word · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 3 · ★★★ of lesson 58 «Olympiad: Breakthrough puzzles in made-up languages» of the English course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A Ruvan cartoon says the first word always does the seeing, like in English.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 cartoon	det
2	Ruvan	ruvan	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 cartoon	amod
3	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 says	nsubj
4	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 word	det
6	first	first	ADJ	Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	7 word	amod
7	word	word	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 does	nsubj
8	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	9 does	advmod
9	does	do	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 says	ccomp
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 seeing	det
11	seeing	see	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	9 does	advcl
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 English	punct
13	like	like	ADP	_	15 English	case
14	in	in	ADP	_	15 English	case
15	English	English	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 seeing	obj
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	a Ruvan cartoon						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	do	present	the first word					always property	vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	see	gerund	the first word not said here	English					vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer english=Stimulus

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Fix it.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Fix	fix	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	1 Fix	obj
3	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Fix	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fix	imperative	you not said here	word					vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent it=Patient

The options

Option 1 · ✓ the right answer

The -n ending shows who sees, not the order

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 ending	det
2	-	-	PUNCT	_	1 The	punct
3	n	n	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 ending	compound
4	ending	ending	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 shows	nsubj
5	shows	show	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 sees	nsubj
7	sees	see	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 shows	ccomp
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 order	punct
9	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	11 order	advmod
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 order	det
11	order	order	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 shows	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	show	present	the n ending	the order					vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	see	present							vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

The last word in the sentence always sees

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 word	det
2	last	last	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 word	amod
3	word	word	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 sees	nsubj
4	in	in	ADP	_	6 sentence	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 sentence	det
6	sentence	sentence	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 word	nmod
7	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	8 sees	advmod
8	sees	see	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	see	present	the last word in the sentence					always property	vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer

Option 3

The cartoon is right; the first word sees

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 cartoon	det
2	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 right	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 right	cop
4	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	;	;	PUNCT	_	9 sees	punct
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 word	det
7	first	first	ADJ	Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	8 word	amod
8	word	word	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 sees	nsubj
9	sees	see	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 right	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the cartoon					right property	tree rules
2	see	present	the first word						vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer

Option 4

Nobody ever sees anybody in Ruvan

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Nobody	nobody	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	3 sees	nsubj
2	ever	ever	ADV	PronType=Ind	3 sees	advmod
3	sees	see	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	anybody	anybody	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	3 sees	obj
5	in	in	ADP	_	6 Ruvan	case
6	Ruvan	Ruvan	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 sees	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	see	present	Nobody	anybody		Ruvan	ever		vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer anybody=Stimulus

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/english/58-olympiad-breakthrough-puzzles-in-made-up-languages/t3/