Exam question 1 · Olympiad: real languages and codes
Identify the means by which plurality of nouns is expressed in Indonesian, as exemplified by "buku-buku".
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · What happens: identify, mean, express, exemplify · To what, where: plurality, Indonesian · Speech: someone speaks here
This is exam question 1 of lesson 59 «Olympiad: real languages and codes» of the English course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Identify | identify | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 3 means | nsubj |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 means | nsubj |
| 3 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | by | by | ADP | _ | 5 which | case |
| 5 | which | which | DET | PronType=Int | 6 plurality | det |
| 6 | plurality | plurality | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 expressed | nsubj:pass |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 8 nouns | case |
| 8 | nouns | noun | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 plurality | nmod |
| 9 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 expressed | aux:pass |
| 10 | expressed | express | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 means | ccomp |
| 11 | in | in | ADP | _ | 12 Indonesian | case |
| 12 | Indonesian | Indonesian | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 expressed | obl |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 exemplified | punct |
| 14 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 15 exemplified | mark |
| 15 | exemplified | exemplify | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 10 expressed | conj |
| 16 | by | by | ADP | _ | 20 buku | case |
| 17 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 20 buku | punct |
| 18 | buku | buku | X | Foreign=Yes | 20 buku | flat:foreign |
| 19 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 20 buku | punct |
| 20 | buku | buku | X | Foreign=Yes | 15 exemplified | obl |
| 21 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 20 buku | punct |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 means | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | identify | infinitive | vn empathize-88.2 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | ||||||
| 2 | mean | present | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||||
| 3 | express | present · passive | which plurality of nouns | Indonesian | vn reflexive_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | ||||
| 4 | exemplify | participle | by buku buku | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer
Repetition of the noun
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Repetition | repetition | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 2 | of | of | ADP | _ | 4 noun | case |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 noun | det |
| 4 | noun | noun | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Repetition | nmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | repeat | the noun | nom repetition «event intransitive»: of=agent |
Option 2
Alteration of the initial sound
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Alteration | alteration | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 2 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 sound | case |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 sound | det |
| 4 | initial | initial | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 sound | amod |
| 5 | sound | sound | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Alteration | nmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | alter | the initial sound | nom alteration «event transitive»: of=patient |
Option 3
Addition of a final -s
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Addition | addition | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 2 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 -s | case |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 -s | det |
| 4 | final | final | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 -s | amod |
| 5 | -s | -s | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Addition | nmod |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Option 4
A separate word for "many"
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 word | det |
| 2 | separate | separate | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 word | amod |
| 3 | word | word | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 4 | for | for | ADP | _ | 6 many | case |
| 5 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 6 many | punct |
| 6 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 word | nmod |
| 7 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 6 many | punct |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/english/59-olympiad-real-languages-and-codes/e1/