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Test 11 · ★★ · Endings that sound like «shun»: -tion, -sion, -ssion, -cian

★★★ «Complete» becomes «completion». What happened to the e?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: ★ · What happens: become, happen · To what, where: completion

This is test 11 · ★★ of lesson 8 «Endings that sound like «shun»: -tion, -sion, -ssion, -cian» of the English course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: ★★★ «Complete» becomes «completion».

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	★	★	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 becomes	nsubj
2	★	★	X	Foreign=Yes	1 ★	dep
3	★	★	X	Foreign=Yes	1 ★	dep
4	«	«	PUNCT	_	5 Complete	punct
5	Complete	complete	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 becomes	nsubj
6	»	»	PUNCT	_	5 Complete	punct
7	becomes	become	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	«	«	PUNCT	_	9 completion	punct
9	completion	completion	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 becomes	xcomp
10	»	»	PUNCT	_	9 completion	punct
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 becomes	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	become	present	★	completion					vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What happened to the e?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	2 happened	nsubj
2	happened	happen	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	to	to	ADP	_	5 e	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 e	det
5	e	e	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 happened	obl
6	?	?	PUNCT	_	2 happened	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	happen	past						to the e	vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

The options

Option 1

It moved to the front of the word, before the c

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 moved	nsubj
2	moved	move	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	to	to	ADP	_	5 front	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 front	det
5	front	front	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 moved	obl
6	of	of	ADP	_	8 word	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 word	det
8	word	word	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 front	nmod
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 c	punct
10	before	before	ADP	_	12 c	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 c	det
12	c	c	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 moved	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	move	past	It			the front of the word	before the c		vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V PP.source PP.trajectory PP.destination»: agent=Theme to front=Source before c=Trajectory

Option 2

It stayed: «completetion»

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 stayed	nsubj
2	stayed	stay	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	:	:	PUNCT	_	2 stayed	punct
4	«	«	PUNCT	_	5 completetion	punct
5	completetion	completetion	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 stayed	parataxis
6	»	»	PUNCT	_	5 completetion	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	stay	past	It						tree rules

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It dropped, because the ending starts with a vowel

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 dropped	nsubj
2	dropped	drop	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 starts	punct
4	because	because	SCONJ	_	7 starts	mark
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 ending	det
6	ending	ending	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 starts	nsubj
7	starts	start	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 dropped	conj
8	with	with	ADP	_	10 vowel	case
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 vowel	det
10	vowel	vowel	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 starts	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	drop	past	It						vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme
2	start	present	the ending					with a vowel	vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V PP.subeventuality»: agent=Eventuality with vowel=Subeventuality

Option 4

It doubled to make «completeetion»

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 doubled	nsubj
2	doubled	double	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	to	to	PART	_	4 make	mark
4	make	make	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 doubled	xcomp
5	«	«	PUNCT	_	6 completeetion	punct
6	completeetion	completeetion	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 make	obj
7	»	»	PUNCT	_	6 completeetion	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	double	past	It						tree rules
2	make	to-infinitive		completeetion					vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset completeetion=Product

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/english/8-endings-that-sound-like-shun/t11/