Exam question 4 · Soft words for hard things: money and poverty
Whereas an individual is stated to be "receiving public assistance" in the United States, determine the circumstance thereby indicated.
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: you · What happens: state, be, determine, indicate · To what, where: individual, circumstance · Speech: someone speaks here
This is exam question 4 of lesson 19 «Soft words for hard things: money and poverty» of the euphemisms course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Whereas | whereas | SCONJ | _ | 5 stated | mark |
| 2 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 individual | det |
| 3 | individual | individual | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 stated | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 stated | aux:pass |
| 5 | stated | state | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 18 determine | advcl |
| 6 | to | to | PART | _ | 9 receiving | mark |
| 7 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 9 receiving | cop |
| 8 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 9 receiving | punct |
| 9 | receiving | receive | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 5 stated | advcl |
| 10 | public | public | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 assistance | amod |
| 11 | assistance | assistance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 receiving | obj |
| 12 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 11 assistance | punct |
| 13 | in | in | ADP | _ | 16 States | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 States | det |
| 15 | United | United | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 States | amod |
| 16 | States | State | PROPN | Number=Plur | 11 assistance | nmod |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 stated | punct |
| 18 | determine | determine | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 circumstance | det |
| 20 | circumstance | circumstance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 determine | obj |
| 21 | thereby | thereby | ADV | _ | 22 indicated | advmod |
| 22 | indicated | indicate | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 20 circumstance | acl |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 18 determine | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | state speech: other | present · passive | a individual | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: subject=Topic | |||||
| 2 | is in a quote | to-infinitive | receive property | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | determine | imperative | you not said here | the circumstance | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent circumstance=Topic | ||||
| 4 | indicate | participle | the circumstance not said here | thereby property | vn indicate-78-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Pivot |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer
The individual is in receipt of government welfare
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 individual | det |
| 2 | individual | individual | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 receipt | nsubj |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 receipt | cop |
| 4 | in | in | ADP | _ | 5 receipt | case |
| 5 | receipt | receipt | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 8 welfare | case |
| 7 | government | government | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 welfare | compound |
| 8 | welfare | welfare | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 receipt | nmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | the individual | receipt | of government welfare | tree rules |
Option 2
The individual is being aided in a public place
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 individual | det |
| 2 | individual | individual | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 aided | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 aided | aux:pass |
| 4 | being | be | AUX | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 5 aided | aux:pass |
| 5 | aided | aid | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 6 | in | in | ADP | _ | 9 place | case |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 place | det |
| 8 | public | public | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 place | amod |
| 9 | place | place | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 aided | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | aid | present · passive | the individual | a public place | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Beneficiary |
Option 3
The individual has received a public award
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 individual | det |
| 2 | individual | individual | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 received | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 received | aux |
| 4 | received | receive | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 award | det |
| 6 | public | public | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 award | amod |
| 7 | award | award | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 received | obj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | receive | present · perfect · passive | the individual | vn admit-64.3-1 «NP V NP ADV»: subject=Theme award=Location |
Option 4
The individual is employed in public service
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 individual | det |
| 2 | individual | individual | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 employed | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 employed | aux:pass |
| 4 | employed | employ | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 7 service | case |
| 6 | public | public | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 service | amod |
| 7 | service | service | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 employed | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | employ | present · passive | the individual | public service | vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/euphemisms/19-money-and-poverty/e4/