Exam question 2 · Soft words for hard things: money and poverty and work, fi…
It is given that an account is designated "delinquent" by a financial institution in the United States. Identify the principal meaning of this designation.
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: financial institution, you · What happens: give, designate, identify, mean · To what, where: It, account, principal meaning, designation
This is exam question 2 of lesson 20 «Soft words for hard things: money and poverty and work, firing and the economy» of the euphemisms course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: It is given that an account is designated "delinquent" by a financial institution in the United States.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 given | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 given | aux:pass |
| 3 | given | give | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 8 designated | mark |
| 5 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 account | det |
| 6 | account | account | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 designated | nsubj:pass |
| 7 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 designated | aux:pass |
| 8 | designated | designate | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 given | advcl |
| 9 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 10 delinquent | punct |
| 10 | delinquent | delinquent | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 designated | obj |
| 11 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 10 delinquent | punct |
| 12 | by | by | ADP | _ | 15 institution | case |
| 13 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 15 institution | det |
| 14 | financial | financial | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 institution | amod |
| 15 | institution | institution | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 designated | obl |
| 16 | in | in | ADP | _ | 19 States | case |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 States | det |
| 18 | United | United | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 States | amod |
| 19 | States | State | PROPN | Number=Plur | 15 institution | nmod |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 given | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | give | present · passive | It | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | |||||
| 2 | designate | present · passive | a financial institution in the United States | a account | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme delinquent=Attribute |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: Identify the principal meaning of this designation.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Identify | identify | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 meaning | det |
| 3 | principal | principal | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 meaning | amod |
| 4 | meaning | meaning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Identify | obj |
| 5 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 designation | case |
| 6 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 7 designation | det |
| 7 | designation | designation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 meaning | nmod |
| 8 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Identify | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | identify | imperative | you not said here | the principal meaning of this designation | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent meaning=Theme | ||||
| 2 | mean | this designation | nom meaning «communication transitive»: of=patient |
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer
The debt has not been repaid when due
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 debt | det |
| 2 | debt | debt | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 repaid | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 repaid | aux |
| 4 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 6 repaid | advmod |
| 5 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 6 repaid | aux:pass |
| 6 | repaid | repay | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 7 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 8 due | advmod |
| 8 | due | due | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 repaid | xcomp |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not repay | present · perfect · passive | the debt | due property | vn equip-13.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |
Option 2
The account holder has been convicted of an offence
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 holder | det |
| 2 | account | account | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 holder | compound |
| 3 | holder | holder | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 convicted | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 convicted | aux |
| 5 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 6 convicted | aux:pass |
| 6 | convicted | convict | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 offence | case |
| 8 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 offence | det |
| 9 | offence | offence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 convicted | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | convict | present · perfect · passive | the account holder | of a offence | tree rules |
Option 3
The account has been closed with a nil balance
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 account | det |
| 2 | account | account | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 closed | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 closed | aux |
| 4 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 5 closed | aux:pass |
| 5 | closed | close | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 6 | with | with | ADP | _ | 9 balance | case |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 balance | det |
| 8 | nil | nil | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 balance | compound |
| 9 | balance | balance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 closed | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | close | present · perfect · passive | the account | with a nil balance | vn fill-9.8 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination with balance=Theme |
Option 4
The account has accrued additional interest in the holder's favour
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 account | det |
| 2 | account | account | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 accrued | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 accrued | aux |
| 4 | accrued | accrue | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | additional | additional | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 interest | amod |
| 6 | interest | interest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 accrued | obj |
| 7 | in | in | ADP | _ | 11 favour | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 holder | det |
| 9 | holder | holder | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 favour | nmod:poss |
| 10 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 9 holder | case |
| 11 | favour | favour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 interest | nmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | accrue | present · perfect · passive | the account | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | favour | the holder | nom favour «feeling transitive»: poss=agent |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/euphemisms/20-debt-and-jobs/e2/