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Test 7 · ★ · Soft words for hard things: work, firing and the economy a…

A report says: "Many graduates (people who have finished university) are underemployed." What does it mean?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: report, people, Many graduates, university · What happens: say, finish, be, mean · To what, where: university · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 7 · ★ of lesson 22 «Soft words for hard things: work, firing and the economy and business and advertising» of the euphemisms course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A report says: "Many graduates (people who have finished university) are underemployed."

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 report	det
2	report	report	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 says	nsubj
3	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	:	:	PUNCT	_	16 underemployed	punct
5	"	"	PUNCT	_	7 graduates	punct
6	Many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 graduates	amod
7	graduates	graduate	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 underemployed	nsubj
8	(	(	PUNCT	_	9 people	punct
9	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 graduates	appos
10	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	12 finished	nsubj
11	have	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 finished	aux
12	finished	finish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	9 people	acl:relcl
13	university	university	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 finished	obj
14	)	)	PUNCT	_	9 people	punct
15	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	16 underemployed	cop
16	underemployed	underemployed	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 says	ccomp
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	16 underemployed	punct
18	"	"	PUNCT	_	16 underemployed	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	a report						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
2	finish in a quote	present · perfect	people	university					vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Affector university=Eventuality
3	is in a quote	present	Many graduates					underemployed property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What does it mean?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	4 mean	obj
2	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 mean	aux
3	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 mean	nsubj
4	mean	mean	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 mean	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	mean	present · do-support	university						vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Topic

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

They earn too much money

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 earn	nsubj
2	earn	earn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	too	too	ADV	_	4 much	advmod
4	much	much	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 money	amod
5	money	money	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 earn	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	earn	present	They	much money					vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent money=Theme

Option 2

They have far too much work and no time to rest

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 have	nsubj
2	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	far	far	ADV	Degree=Pos	5 much	advmod
4	too	too	ADV	_	5 much	advmod
5	much	much	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 work	amod
6	work	work	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 have	obj
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 time	cc
8	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	9 time	det
9	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 work	conj
10	to	to	PART	_	11 rest	mark
11	rest	rest	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	9 time	acl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	They	much work and no time					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent work=Patient
2	rest	to-infinitive	They not said here						vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 3

They have no degrees

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 have	nsubj
2	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	4 degrees	det
4	degrees	degree	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 have	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	They	no degrees					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent degree=Patient

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

They work fewer hours or in jobs below their skills

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 work	nsubj
2	work	work	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	fewer	few	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	4 hours	amod
4	hours	hour	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 work	obj
5	or	or	CCONJ	_	7 jobs	cc
6	in	in	ADP	_	7 jobs	case
7	jobs	job	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 hours	conj
8	below	below	ADP	_	10 skills	case
9	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	10 skills	nmod:poss
10	skills	skill	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 work	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	work	present	They			jobs's skills	hour		vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/euphemisms/22-jobs-shops-and-estate-agents/t7/