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Test 11 · ★ · Soft words for hard things: politics and government spin a…

"Emergency measures were declared and the courts were closed." What has happened?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · What happens: declare, close, happen · To what, where: Emergency measures, courts

This is test 11 · ★ of lesson 25 «Soft words for hard things: politics and government spin and war, the military and violence» of the euphemisms course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: "Emergency measures were declared and the courts were closed."

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	"	"	PUNCT	_	5 declared	punct
2	Emergency	emergency	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 measures	compound
3	measures	measure	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 declared	nsubj:pass
4	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 declared	aux:pass
5	declared	declare	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 closed	cc
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 courts	det
8	courts	court	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 closed	nsubj:pass
9	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	10 closed	aux:pass
10	closed	close	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 declared	conj
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 declared	punct
12	"	"	PUNCT	_	5 declared	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	declare speech: other in a quote	past · passive		Emergency measures					vn declare-29.4-1-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Attribute
2	close in a quote	past · passive		the courts					vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What has happened?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 happened	nsubj
2	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 happened	aux
3	happened	happen	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 happened	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	happen	present · perfect							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

New ambulances arrived

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	New	new	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 ambulances	amod
2	ambulances	ambulance	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 arrived	nsubj
3	arrived	arrive	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	arrive	past	New ambulances						vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

Normal rights and laws were suspended

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Normal	normal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 rights	amod
2	rights	right	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 suspended	nsubj:pass
3	and	and	CCONJ	_	4 laws	cc
4	laws	law	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 rights	conj
5	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 suspended	aux:pass
6	suspended	suspend	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	suspend	past · passive		Normal rights and laws					vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme

Option 3

A first aid course started

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 course	det
2	first	first	ADJ	Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	4 course	amod
3	aid	aid	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 course	compound
4	course	course	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 started	nsubj
5	started	start	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	start	past	a first aid course						vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality

Option 4

Floods were measured

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Floods	flood	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 measured	nsubj
2	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 measured	aux:pass
3	measured	measure	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	measure	past · passive		Floods					vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: subject=Value

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/euphemisms/25-spin-war-and-violence/t11/