Exam question 1 · Soft words for hard things: crime, prison and the police a…

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the term "irregularities" as employed in an official audit?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris, employ · To what, where: term, official audit

This is exam question 1 of lesson 28 «Soft words for hard things: crime, prison and the police and lying and honesty» of the euphemisms course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 term	det
10	term	term	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	"	"	PUNCT	_	12 irregularities	punct
12	irregularities	irregularity	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 term	appos
13	"	"	PUNCT	_	12 irregularities	punct
14	as	as	SCONJ	_	15 employed	mark
15	employed	employ	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 characterises	advcl
16	in	in	ADP	_	19 audit	case
17	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	19 audit	det
18	official	official	ADJ	Degree=Pos	19 audit	amod
19	audit	audit	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 employed	obl
20	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund				vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present	the term		of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	employ	participle		a official audit		vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It denotes pages bound out of sequence

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 denotes	nsubj
2	denotes	denote	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	pages	page	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 denotes	obj
4	bound	bind	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 pages	acl
5	out	out	ADP	_	7 sequence	case
6	of	of	ADP	_	7 sequence	case
7	sequence	sequence	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 bound	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	denote	present	It	pages					vn indicate-78 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot page=Topic
2	bind	participle		pages not said here		sequence			vn shake-22.3-2-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

It denotes fraud or wrongdoing

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 denotes	nsubj
2	denotes	denote	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	fraud	fraud	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 denotes	obj
4	or	or	CCONJ	_	5 wrongdoing	cc
5	wrongdoing	wrongdoing	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 fraud	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	denote	present	It	fraud or wrongdoing					vn indicate-78 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot fraud=Topic

Option 3

It denotes figures printed in uneven columns

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 denotes	nsubj
2	denotes	denote	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	figures	figure	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 denotes	obj
4	printed	print	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 figures	acl
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 columns	case
6	uneven	uneven	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 columns	amod
7	columns	column	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 printed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	denote	present	It	figures					vn indicate-78 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot figure=Topic
2	print	participle		figures not said here		uneven columns			vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent in column=Destination

Option 4

It denotes untidy handwriting

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 denotes	nsubj
2	denotes	denote	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	untidy	untidy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 handwriting	amod
4	handwriting	handwriting	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 denotes	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	denote	present	It	untidy handwriting					vn indicate-78 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot handwriting=Topic

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/euphemisms/28-stealing-and-lying/e1/