Test 12 · ★ · Soft words for hard things: crime, prison and the police a…
A report finds the railway's costs were hidden by "strategic misrepresentation". What happened?
Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: report, strategic misrepresentation, railway · What happens: find, hide, cost, happen · To what, where: costs · Speech: someone speaks here
This is test 12 · ★ of lesson 28 «Soft words for hard things: crime, prison and the police and lying and honesty» of the euphemisms course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: A report finds the railway's costs were hidden by "strategic misrepresentation".
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 report | det |
| 2 | report | report | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 finds | nsubj |
| 3 | finds | find | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 railway | det |
| 5 | railway | railway | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 costs | nmod:poss |
| 6 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 5 railway | case |
| 7 | costs | cost | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 hidden | nsubj:pass |
| 8 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 hidden | aux:pass |
| 9 | hidden | hide | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 finds | ccomp |
| 10 | by | by | ADP | _ | 13 misrepresentation | case |
| 11 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 13 misrepresentation | punct |
| 12 | strategic | strategic | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 misrepresentation | amod |
| 13 | misrepresentation | misrepresentation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 hidden | obl |
| 14 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 13 misrepresentation | punct |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 finds | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | find | present | a report | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 2 | hide | past · passive | strategic misrepresentation | the railway's costs | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient | ||||
| 3 | cost | the railway | nom cost «possession transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: What happened?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | What | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 2 happened | nsubj |
| 2 | happened | happen | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 2 happened | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | happen | past | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
The options
Option 1
The railway won a strategy prize
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 railway | det |
| 2 | railway | railway | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 won | nsubj |
| 3 | won | win | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 prize | det |
| 5 | strategy | strategy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 prize | compound |
| 6 | prize | prize | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 won | obj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | win | past | the railway | a strategy prize | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent prize=Eventuality |
Option 2
The costs were counted by mistake
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 costs | det |
| 2 | costs | cost | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 counted | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 counted | aux:pass |
| 4 | counted | count | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | by | by | ADP | _ | 6 mistake | case |
| 6 | mistake | mistake | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 counted | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | count | past · passive | mistake | the costs | vn multiply-108 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |
Option 3
A map was drawn wrongly
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 map | det |
| 2 | map | map | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 drawn | nsubj |
| 3 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 drawn | aux:pass |
| 4 | drawn | draw | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | wrongly | wrongly | ADV | _ | 4 drawn | advmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | draw | past · passive | a map | wrongly property | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer
The real costs were hidden on purpose to win approval
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 costs | det |
| 2 | real | real | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 costs | amod |
| 3 | costs | cost | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 hidden | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 hidden | aux:pass |
| 5 | hidden | hide | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 6 | on | on | ADP | _ | 7 purpose | case |
| 7 | purpose | purpose | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 hidden | obl |
| 8 | to | to | PART | _ | 9 win | mark |
| 9 | win | win | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 hidden | advcl |
| 10 | approval | approval | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 win | obj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hide | past · passive | the real costs | purpose | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V NP PP.location»: subject=Patient on purpose=Location | ||||
| 2 | win | to-infinitive | approval | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent approval=Eventuality |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/euphemisms/28-stealing-and-lying/t12/