Exam question 1 · Reasoning about the body moving in the world

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the phenomenon whereby passengers lurch forward when a vehicle brakes abruptly?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: passengers, vehicle · What happens: follow, characteris, lurch, brake · To what, where: phenomenon

This is exam question 1 of lesson 10 «Reasoning about the body moving in the world» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 lurch	advcl
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 phenomenon	det
10	phenomenon	phenomenon	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	whereby	whereby	ADV	PronType=Int	13 lurch	advmod
12	passengers	passenger	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 lurch	nsubj
13	lurch	lurch	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
14	forward	forward	ADV	_	13 lurch	advmod
15	when	when	SCONJ	_	18 brakes	mark
16	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	17 vehicle	det
17	vehicle	vehicle	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 brakes	nsubj
18	brakes	brake	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 lurch	advcl
19	abruptly	abruptly	ADV	_	18 brakes	advmod
20	?	?	PUNCT	_	13 lurch	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund				vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the phenomenon	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	lurch	present	passengers		forward, whereby property	vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4	brake	present	a vehicle		abruptly property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

A body in motion continues to move until a force retards or arrests it

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 body	det
2	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 continues	nsubj
3	in	in	ADP	_	4 motion	case
4	motion	motion	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 body	nmod
5	continues	continue	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	to	to	PART	_	7 move	mark
7	move	move	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 continues	xcomp
8	until	until	ADP	_	11 retards	case
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 force	det
10	force	force	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 retards	compound
11	retards	retard	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 move	obl
12	or	or	CCONJ	_	13 arrests	cc
13	arrests	arrest	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 retards	conj
14	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 move	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	continue	present	a body in motion						vn continue-55.3 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality
2	move	to-infinitive	a body in motion not said here	body			until force retards or arrests		vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent it=Theme

Option 2

The brakes exert a force pushing the passengers forward

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 brakes	det
2	brakes	brake	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 exert	nsubj
3	exert	exert	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 force	det
5	force	force	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 exert	obj
6	pushing	push	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 force	acl
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 passengers	det
8	passengers	passenger	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 pushing	obj
9	forward	forward	ADV	_	6 pushing	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	exert	infinitive	the brakes	a force					vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent force=Theme
2	push	gerund	a force not said here	the passengers				forward property	vn carry-11.4-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent passenger=Theme

Option 3

The air within the vehicle propels the passengers

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 air	det
2	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 propels	nsubj
3	within	within	ADP	_	5 vehicle	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 vehicle	det
5	vehicle	vehicle	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 air	nmod
6	propels	propel	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 passengers	det
8	passengers	passenger	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 propels	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	propel	present	the air within the vehicle	the passengers					tree rules

Option 4

Gravity acts horizontally within a moving vehicle

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Gravity	gravity	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 acts	nsubj
2	acts	act	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	horizontally	horizontally	ADV	_	2 acts	advmod
4	within	within	ADP	_	7 vehicle	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 vehicle	det
6	moving	move	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	7 vehicle	amod
7	vehicle	vehicle	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 acts	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	act	present	Gravity					within a moving vehicle; horizontally property	vn act-114-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	move	gerund							vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/10-reasoning-about-the-moving-body/e1/