Exam question 2 · Standing up for yourself, nightmares and the dark

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises a nightmare?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: nightmare

This is exam question 2 of lesson 100 «Standing up for yourself, nightmares and the dark» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 nightmare	det
10	nightmare	nightmare	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		a nightmare				of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

It is caused by monsters present within the bedroom

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 caused	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 caused	aux:pass
3	caused	cause	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	by	by	SCONJ	_	6 present	mark
5	monsters	monster	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 present	nsubj
6	present	present	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 caused	ccomp
7	within	within	ADP	_	9 bedroom	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 bedroom	det
9	bedroom	bedroom	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 present	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cause	present · passive		It					tree rules
2	present	present	monsters					within the bedroom	vn fulfilling-13.4.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It may feel real, but it is a dream and cannot inflict harm

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 feel	nsubj
2	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 feel	aux
3	feel	feel	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 feel	xcomp
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 dream	punct
6	but	but	CCONJ	_	10 dream	cc
7	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 dream	nsubj
8	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 dream	cop
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 dream	det
10	dream	dream	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 feel	conj
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 inflict	cc
12	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	14 inflict	aux
13	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	14 inflict	advmod
14	inflict	inflict	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 feel	conj
15	harm	harm	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 inflict	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	feel	may	It		real property	vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus
2	is a	present	it	a dream		tree rules
3	not inflict	can		harm		tree rules

Option 3

It may inflict harm if the dreamer does not awaken

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 inflict	nsubj
2	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 inflict	aux
3	inflict	inflict	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	harm	harm	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 inflict	obj
5	if	if	SCONJ	_	10 awaken	mark
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 dreamer	det
7	dreamer	dreamer	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 awaken	nsubj
8	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 awaken	aux
9	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	10 awaken	advmod
10	awaken	awaken	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 inflict	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	inflict	may	It	harm					tree rules
2	not awaken a condition, not said to happen	present · do-support	the dreamer						vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 4

It is a warning of events that will subsequently occur in the dreamer's life

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 warning	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 warning	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 warning	det
4	warning	warning	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 events	case
6	events	event	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 warning	nmod
7	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	10 occur	nsubj
8	will	will	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	10 occur	aux
9	subsequently	subsequently	ADV	_	10 occur	advmod
10	occur	occur	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 warning	acl:relcl
11	in	in	ADP	_	15 life	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 dreamer	det
13	dreamer	dreamer	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 life	nmod:poss
14	's	's	PART	_	13 dreamer	case
15	life	life	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 occur	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	a warning				of events	tree rules
2	occur	future	a warning			the dreamer's life		subsequently property	vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in life=Location

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/100-standing-up-nightmares-and-the-dark/e2/