Exam question 2 · Gratitude, helping at home and privacy

Select the response that is consistent with the established facts concerning objects left upon a staircase.

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, response · What happens: select, be, establish, leave · To what, where: response, concerning objects, staircase

This is exam question 2 of lesson 102 «Gratitude, helping at home and privacy» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 consistent	nsubj
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 consistent	cop
6	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 response	acl:relcl
7	with	with	ADP	_	10 facts	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 facts	det
9	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 facts	amod
10	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 consistent	obl
11	concerning	concerning	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 objects	amod
12	objects	object	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 facts	conj
13	left	leave	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	12 objects	acl
14	upon	upon	ADP	_	16 staircase	case
15	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	16 staircase	det
16	staircase	staircase	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 left	obl
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response			vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	is	present	the response			with the established facts and concerning objects; consistent property	tree rules
3	establish	participle					vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
4	leave	participle		concerning objects not said here	a staircase		vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent upon staircase=Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

They present no hazard provided the staircase is lit

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 present	nsubj
2	present	present	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	4 hazard	det
4	hazard	hazard	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 provided	nsubj
5	provided	provide	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 present	ccomp
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 staircase	det
7	staircase	staircase	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 lit	nsubj:pass
8	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 lit	aux:pass
9	lit	lit	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 provided	ccomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	present	present	They		tree rules
2	provide	past	no hazard		vn ensure-99 «NP V that S»: agent=Precondition clause=Theme
3	lit	present · passive		the staircase	tree rules

Option 2

They are hazardous only to persons who are descending the stairs quickly

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 hazardous	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 hazardous	cop
3	hazardous	hazardous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	only	only	ADV	_	6 persons	advmod
5	to	to	ADP	_	6 persons	case
6	persons	person	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 hazardous	obl
7	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 descending	nsubj
8	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 descending	aux
9	descending	descend	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	6 persons	acl:relcl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 stairs	det
11	stairs	stair	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 descending	obj
12	quickly	quickly	ADV	_	9 descending	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	They					to persons; hazardous property	tree rules
2	descend	present · progressive	persons	the stairs				quickly property	vn meander-47.7-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location stair=Theme

Option 3

They present a hazard only to small children

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 present	nsubj
2	present	present	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 hazard	det
4	hazard	hazard	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 present	obj
5	only	only	ADV	_	8 children	advmod
6	to	to	ADP	_	8 children	case
7	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 children	amod
8	children	child	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 present	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	present	present	They	a hazard	small children				vn fulfilling-13.4.1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent hazard=Theme to child=Recipient

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

They are a common cause of falls, especially for older persons

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 cause	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 cause	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 cause	det
4	common	common	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 cause	amod
5	cause	cause	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	of	of	ADP	_	7 falls	case
7	falls	fall	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 cause	nmod
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 persons	punct
9	especially	especially	ADV	_	12 persons	advmod
10	for	for	ADP	_	12 persons	case
11	older	old	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	12 persons	amod
12	persons	person	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 cause	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	They	a common cause				of falls; for older persons	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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