Test 1 · ★ · Kitchen floors, food safety and the microwave Ruby in Melbourne finds blue fuzz on one corner of a loaf. Her friend says, «Just cut it off.» Who is right?
Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Ruby, friend · What happens: find, say, cut off, be · To what, where: blue fuzz, one corner, friend · Speech: someone speaks here
This is test 1 · ★ of lesson 106 «Kitchen floors, food safety and the microwave» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school .
The question Sentence 1: Ruby in Melbourne finds blue fuzz on one corner of a loaf.
nsubj case nmod amod obj case nummod obl case det nmod punct root Ruby PROPN in ADP Melbourne PROPN finds VERB blue ADJ fuzz NOUN on ADP one NUM corner NOUN of ADP a DET loaf NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Ruby Ruby PROPN Number=Sing 4 finds nsubj 2 in in ADP _ 3 Melbourne case 3 Melbourne Melbourne PROPN Number=Sing 1 Ruby nmod 4 finds find VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 blue blue ADJ Degree=Pos 6 fuzz amod 6 fuzz fuzz NOUN Number=Sing 4 finds obj 7 on on ADP _ 9 corner case 8 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 9 corner nummod 9 corner corner NOUN Number=Sing 4 finds obl 10 of of ADP _ 12 loaf case 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 loaf det 12 loaf loaf NOUN Number=Sing 9 corner nmod 13 . . PUNCT _ 4 finds punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 find present Ruby in Melbourne blue fuzz one corner of a loaf vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fuzz=Topic
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: Her friend says, «Just cut it off.»
nmod:poss nsubj punct punct advmod ccomp obj compound:prt punct punct root Her PRON friend NOUN says VERB , PUNCT « PUNCT Just ADV cut VERB it PRON off ADP . PUNCT » PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 friend nmod:poss 2 friend friend NOUN Number=Sing 3 says nsubj 3 says say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 , , PUNCT _ 7 cut punct 5 « « PUNCT _ 7 cut punct 6 Just just ADV _ 7 cut advmod 7 cut cut VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 3 says ccomp 8 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 cut obj 9 off off ADP _ 7 cut compound:prt 10 . . PUNCT _ 7 cut punct 11 » » PUNCT _ 7 cut punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert present Ruby's friend vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 cut off in a quote infinitive friend vn stop-55.4-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Affector it=Eventuality
Sentence 3: Who is right?
nsubj cop punct root Who PRON is AUX right ADJ ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Who who PRON PronType=Rel 3 right nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 right cop 3 right right ADJ Degree=Pos root root 4 ? ? PUNCT _ 3 right punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present right property tree rules
The options Option 1 Both, as mould is harmless
nsubj punct case nmod cop root Both DET , PUNCT as ADP mould NOUN is AUX harmless ADJ The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Both both DET PronType=Tot 6 harmless nsubj 2 , , PUNCT _ 1 Both punct 3 as as ADP _ 4 mould case 4 mould mould NOUN Number=Sing 1 Both nmod 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 harmless cop 6 harmless harmless ADJ Degree=Pos root root
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Both harmless property tree rules
Option 2 The friend, if she toasts the bread
det nsubj punct mark nsubj det obj root The DET friend NOUN , PUNCT if SCONJ she PRON toasts VERB the DET bread NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 friend det 2 friend friend NOUN Number=Sing 6 toasts nsubj 3 , , PUNCT _ 6 toasts punct 4 if if SCONJ _ 6 toasts mark 5 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 toasts nsubj 6 toasts toast VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 bread det 8 bread bread NOUN Number=Sing 6 toasts obj
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 toast present the friend the bread vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent bread=Patient
Option 3 · ← Mova's choice The friend, because mould only ever stays on the surface where you can see it
The tree, 15 words det nsubj punct case conj advmod advmod case det obl advmod nsubj aux acl:relcl obj root The DET friend NOUN , PUNCT because ADP mould NOUN only ADV ever ADV stays VERB on ADP the DET surface NOUN where ADV you PRON can AUX see VERB it PRON The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 friend det 2 friend friend NOUN Number=Sing 8 stays nsubj 3 , , PUNCT _ 5 mould punct 4 because because ADP ExtPos=ADP 5 mould case 5 mould mould NOUN Number=Sing 2 friend conj 6 only only ADV _ 8 stays advmod 7 ever ever ADV PronType=Ind 8 stays advmod 8 stays stay VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 9 on on ADP _ 11 surface case 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 surface det 11 surface surface NOUN Number=Sing 8 stays obl 12 where where ADV PronType=Rel 15 see advmod 13 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 15 see nsubj 14 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 15 see aux 15 see see VERB VerbForm=Inf 11 surface acl:relcl 16 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 15 see obj
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stay present the friend and mould the surface ever vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on surface=Location 2 see can you surface vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus
Option 4 · ✓ the right answer Ruby should throw it away, as the mould spreads unseen
nsubj aux obj advmod punct mark det nsubj advcl xcomp root Ruby PROPN should AUX throw VERB it PRON away ADV , PUNCT as SCONJ the DET mould NOUN spreads VERB unseen ADJ The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Ruby Ruby PROPN Number=Sing 3 throw nsubj 2 should should AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 throw aux 3 throw throw VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 throw obj 5 away away ADV _ 3 throw advmod 6 , , PUNCT _ 10 spreads punct 7 as as SCONJ _ 10 spreads mark 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 mould det 9 mould mould NOUN Number=Sing 10 spreads nsubj 10 spreads spread VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 throw advcl 11 unseen unseen ADJ Degree=Pos 10 spreads xcomp
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 throw away should Ruby it away property vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme 2 spread present the mould unseen property vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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