Exam question 2 · Windows, balconies and furniture

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the dropping of an object from a balcony?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: dropping

This is exam question 2 of lesson 110 «Windows, balconies and furniture» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 dropping	det
10	dropping	dropping	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	13 object	case
12	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 object	det
13	object	object	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 dropping	nmod
14	from	from	ADP	_	16 balcony	case
15	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	16 balcony	det
16	balcony	balcony	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 object	nmod
17	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the dropping of a object from a balcony				of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It is harmless provided the object is light

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 harmless	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 harmless	cop
3	harmless	harmless	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	provided	provide	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 light	amod
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 object	det
6	object	object	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 light	nsubj
7	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 light	cop
8	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 harmless	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is	present	It		harmless property	tree rules
2	provide	participle				vn ensure-99 «NP V that S»: agent=Precondition
3	is a	present	the object	provided light		tree rules

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

Even a small object may seriously injure someone below

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Even	even	ADV	_	4 object	advmod
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 object	det
3	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 object	amod
4	object	object	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 injure	nsubj
5	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	7 injure	aux
6	seriously	seriously	ADV	_	7 injure	advmod
7	injure	injure	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
8	someone	someone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	7 injure	obj
9	below	below	ADV	_	8 someone	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	injure	may	a small object	someone				seriously property	tree rules

Option 3

It is harmless provided nobody is watching

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 harmless	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 harmless	cop
3	harmless	harmless	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	provided	provide	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 nobody	amod
5	nobody	nobody	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	7 watching	nsubj
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 watching	aux
7	watching	watch	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	3 harmless	ccomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	is	present	It	harmless property	tree rules
2	provide	participle			vn ensure-99 «NP V that S»: agent=Precondition
3	watch	present · progressive	nobody		vn search-35.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent

Option 4

It is dangerous only from the tenth floor or higher

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 dangerous	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 dangerous	cop
3	dangerous	dangerous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	only	only	ADV	_	8 floor	advmod
5	from	from	ADP	_	8 floor	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 floor	det
7	tenth	tenth	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 floor	amod
8	floor	floor	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 dangerous	obl
9	or	or	CCONJ	_	10 higher	cc
10	higher	high	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	8 floor	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	It			the tenth floor		dangerous property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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