Exam question 1 · Goodbye, please, thank you and sorry

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises a genuine apology?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: genuine apology

This is exam question 1 of lesson 126 «Goodbye, please, thank you and sorry» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 apology	det
10	genuine	genuine	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 apology	amod
11	apology	apology	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
12	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		a genuine apology				of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

It is repeated whenever the same act recurs

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 repeated	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 repeated	aux:pass
3	repeated	repeat	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	whenever	whenever	ADV	PronType=Rel	8 recurs	advmod
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 act	det
6	same	same	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 act	amod
7	act	act	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 recurs	nsubj
8	recurs	recur	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 repeated	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	repeat	present · passive		It					vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality
2	recur	present	the same act					whenever property	vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

It says "sorry if you were upset" and no more

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 says	nsubj
2	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	"	"	PUNCT	_	8 upset	punct
4	sorry	sorry	INTJ	_	8 upset	discourse
5	if	if	SCONJ	_	8 upset	mark
6	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	8 upset	nsubj
7	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 upset	cop
8	upset	upset	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 says	ccomp
9	"	"	PUNCT	_	8 upset	punct
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 more	cc
11	no	no	ADV	_	12 more	advmod
12	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	2 says	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	It						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
2	is a condition, not said to happen, in a quote	past	you					upset property	tree rules

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

It names what one did and seeks to put it right

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 names	nsubj
2	names	name	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	what	what	PRON	PronType=Int	5 did	obj
4	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	5 did	nsubj
5	did	do	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 names	ccomp
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 seeks	cc
7	seeks	seek	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 names	conj
8	to	to	PART	_	9 put	mark
9	put	put	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	7 seeks	xcomp
10	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 put	obj
11	right	right	ADV	_	9 put	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	name	present	It			tree rules
2	do	past	one			vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Eventuality
3	seek	present				tree rules
4	put not said to happen	to-infinitive		it	right property	vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent it=Goal

Option 4

It is said loudly so that others may hear it

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 said	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 said	aux:pass
3	said	say	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	loudly	loudly	ADV	_	3 said	advmod
5	so	so	SCONJ	ExtPos=SCONJ	9 hear	mark
6	that	that	SCONJ	_	5 so	fixed
7	others	other	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 hear	nsubj
8	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	9 hear	aux
9	hear	hear	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 said	advcl
10	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 hear	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present · passive		It				loudly property	vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: subject=Topic
2	hear	may	others	it					vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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