Exam question 4 · Weather signs and the 30-30 rule

Select the response that is consistent with the established facts concerning shallow flood water.

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, response · What happens: select, be, establish · To what, where: response

This is exam question 4 of lesson 15 «Weather signs and the 30-30 rule» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 consistent	nsubj
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 consistent	cop
6	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 response	acl:relcl
7	with	with	ADP	_	10 facts	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 facts	det
9	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 facts	amod
10	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 consistent	obl
11	concerning	concerning	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 water	amod
12	shallow	shallow	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 water	amod
13	flood	flood	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 water	compound
14	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 consistent	conj
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response		vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	is	present	the response		with the established facts; consistent property	tree rules
3	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Only stationary flood water presents any danger

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Only	only	ADV	_	2 stationary	advmod
2	stationary	stationary	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 water	amod
3	flood	flood	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 water	compound
4	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 presents	nsubj
5	presents	present	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	7 danger	det
7	danger	danger	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 presents	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	present	present	stationary flood water	any danger					vn fulfilling-13.4.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent danger=Theme

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

Flood water is hazardous only when it is cold

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Flood	flood	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 water	compound
2	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 hazardous	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 hazardous	cop
4	hazardous	hazardous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	only	only	ADV	_	9 cold	advmod
6	when	when	SCONJ	_	9 cold	mark
7	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 cold	nsubj
8	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 cold	cop
9	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 hazardous	parataxis

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Flood water					hazardous property	tree rules
2	is	present	water					cold property	tree rules

Option 3

Flood water of a depth of less than one metre presents no danger to a person on foot

The tree, 18 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Flood	flood	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 water	compound
2	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 presents	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 depth	case
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 depth	det
5	depth	depth	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 water	nmod
6	of	of	ADP	_	10 metre	case
7	less	less	ADJ	Degree=Cmp ExtPos=ADV	9 one	advmod
8	than	than	ADP	_	7 less	fixed
9	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	10 metre	nummod
10	metre	metre	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 depth	nmod
11	presents	present	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
12	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	13 danger	det
13	danger	danger	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 presents	obj
14	to	to	ADP	_	16 person	case
15	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	16 person	det
16	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 danger	nmod
17	on	on	ADP	_	18 foot	case
18	foot	foot	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 person	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	present	present	Flood water of a depth of one metre	no danger	a person on foot				vn fulfilling-13.4.1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent danger=Theme to person=Recipient

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Fast-flowing water of a depth of only fifteen centimetres may knock a person over

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Fast	fast	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 water	amod
2	-	-	PUNCT	_	1 Fast	punct
3	flowing	flow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	4 water	amod
4	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 knock	nsubj
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 depth	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 depth	det
7	depth	depth	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 water	nmod
8	of	of	ADP	_	11 centimetres	case
9	only	only	ADV	_	10 fifteen	advmod
10	fifteen	fifteen	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	11 centimetres	nummod
11	centimetres	centimetre	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 depth	nmod
12	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	13 knock	aux
13	knock	knock	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
14	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 person	det
15	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 knock	obj
16	over	over	ADV	_	13 knock	compound:prt

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	flow	gerund							vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	knock over	may	Fast flowing water of a depth of fifteen centimetres	a person					vn split-23.2 «NP V NP apart»: agent=Agent person=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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