Exam question 2 · Finding your way with landmarks

Identify the principal reason for which a person ought to look behind him whilst walking a new route.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, person · What happens: identify, look, walk · To what, where: principal reason, new route

This is exam question 2 of lesson 16 «Finding your way with landmarks» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 reason	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	amod
4	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	11 look	obl
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 person	det
8	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 look	nsubj
9	ought	ought	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	11 look	aux
10	to	to	PART	_	11 look	mark
11	look	look	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 reason	parataxis
12	behind	behind	ADP	_	13 him	case
13	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 look	obl
14	whilst	whilst	SCONJ	_	15 walking	mark
15	walking	walk	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	11 look	advcl
16	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	18 route	det
17	new	new	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 route	amod
18	route	route	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 walking	obj
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal reason		vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme
2	look	ought	a person		for the principal reason; behind him = he	vn rummage-35.5 «NP V PP.location PP.theme»: agent=Agent for which=Theme behind he=Location
3	walk	gerund	a person not said here	a new route		vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme route=Trajectory

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It enables him to walk the route at greater speed on the following occasion

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 enables	nsubj
2	enables	enable	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 enables	obj
4	to	to	PART	_	5 walk	mark
5	walk	walk	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 enables	xcomp
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 route	det
7	route	route	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 walk	obj
8	at	at	ADP	_	10 speed	case
9	greater	great	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	10 speed	amod
10	speed	speed	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 walk	obl
11	on	on	ADP	_	14 occasion	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 occasion	det
13	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	14 occasion	amod
14	occasion	occasion	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 walk	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	enable	present	It	him = he			tree rules
2	walk	to-infinitive	him = he not said here	the route	greater speed	on the following occasion	vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent route=Theme at speed=Trajectory
3	follow	gerund					vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 2

It is required by the rules of the road

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 required	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 required	aux:pass
3	required	require	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	by	by	ADP	_	6 rules	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 rules	det
6	rules	rule	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 required	obl:agent
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 road	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 road	det
9	road	road	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 rules	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	require	present · passive	the rules of the road	It					vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme subject=Precondition
2	rule		the road						nom rule «cognition intransitive»: of=agent

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

A route presents a different appearance upon the return journey

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 route	det
2	route	route	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 presents	nsubj
3	presents	present	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 appearance	det
5	different	different	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 appearance	amod
6	appearance	appearance	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 presents	obj
7	upon	upon	ADP	_	10 journey	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 journey	det
9	return	return	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 journey	compound
10	journey	journey	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 presents	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	present	present	a route	a different appearance				upon the return journey	vn fulfilling-13.4.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent appearance=Theme

Option 4

It prevents others from following the route

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 prevents	nsubj
2	prevents	prevent	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	others	other	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 prevents	obj
4	from	from	SCONJ	_	5 following	mark
5	following	follow	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 prevents	advcl
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 route	det
7	route	route	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 following	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	prevent	present	It	others					vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer other=Theme
2	follow	gerund		the route					vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent route=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/16-landmarks/e2/