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Exam question 3 · Why people lie, and what is not a lie

It is given that a person has told a lie to escape trouble. Determine the course of action that usually keeps the trouble smallest.

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, action · What happens: give, tell, escape, determine, keep · To what, where: It, person, trouble, course · Speech: someone speaks here

This is exam question 3 of lesson 195 «Why people lie, and what is not a lie» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: It is given that a person has told a lie to escape trouble.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 given	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 given	aux:pass
3	given	give	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	that	that	SCONJ	_	8 told	mark
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 person	det
6	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 told	nsubj:pass
7	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 told	aux
8	told	tell	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 given	advcl
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 lie	det
10	lie	lie	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 told	obj
11	to	to	PART	_	12 escape	mark
12	escape	escape	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	10 lie	acl
13	trouble	trouble	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 escape	obj
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 given	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	give	present · passive		It					vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	tell speech: assert	present · perfect · passive		a person					vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: subject=Recipient lie=Topic
3	escape	to-infinitive		trouble					vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme trouble=Initial_Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Determine the course of action that usually keeps the trouble smallest.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Determine	determine	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 course	det
3	course	course	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Determine	obj
4	of	of	ADP	_	5 action	case
5	action	action	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 course	nmod
6	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 keeps	nsubj
7	usually	usually	ADV	_	8 keeps	advmod
8	keeps	keep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 action	acl:relcl
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 trouble	det
10	trouble	trouble	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 keeps	obj
11	smallest	small	ADJ	Degree=Sup	10 trouble	nmod
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Determine	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	determine	imperative	you not said here	the course of action					vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent course=Topic
2	keep	present	action	the trouble smallest				usually property	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent trouble=Theme

The options

Option 1

Keeping silent forever

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Keeping	keep	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
2	silent	silent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Keeping	xcomp
3	forever	forever	ADV	_	1 Keeping	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	keep	gerund						forever, silent property	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Owning up early

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Owning	own	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
2	up	up	ADP	_	1 Owning	compound:prt
3	early	early	ADV	Degree=Pos	1 Owning	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	own up	gerund						early property	vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot

Option 3

Adding further lies

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Adding	add	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
2	further	further	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 lies	amod
3	lies	lie	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Adding	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	add speech: assert	gerund		further lies					vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lie=Patient

Option 4

Blaming another person

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Blaming	blame	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
2	another	another	DET	PronType=Ind	3 person	det
3	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Blaming	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	blame	gerund		another person					vn judgment-33.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent person=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/195-why-people-lie/e3/