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Test 7 · ★ · Why people lie, and what is not a lie

A boy has told small lies for weeks and now lies without thinking. What can he do?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: boy · What happens: tell, lie, think, do · To what, where: boy · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 7 · ★ of lesson 195 «Why people lie, and what is not a lie» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A boy has told small lies for weeks and now lies without thinking.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 boy	det
2	boy	boy	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 told	nsubj:pass
3	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 told	aux
4	told	tell	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 lies	amod
6	lies	lie	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 told	obj
7	for	for	ADP	_	8 weeks	case
8	weeks	week	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 told	obl
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 lies	cc
10	now	now	ADV	PronType=Dem	11 lies	advmod
11	lies	lie	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 told	conj
12	without	without	SCONJ	_	13 thinking	mark
13	thinking	think	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	11 lies	advcl
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 told	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	tell speech: assert	present · perfect · passive		a boy			week		vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: subject=Recipient lie=Topic
2	lie	present					now		vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	think speech: other	gerund							vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What can he do?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	4 do	obj
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 do	aux
3	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 do	nsubj
4	do	do	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 do	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	do	can	boy						vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Eventuality

The options

Option 1

Wait for the habit to vanish on its own

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Wait	wait	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
2	for	for	ADP	_	4 habit	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 habit	det
4	habit	habit	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Wait	obl
5	to	to	PART	_	6 vanish	mark
6	vanish	vanish	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	1 Wait	advcl
7	on	on	ADP	_	9 own	case
8	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 own	nmod:poss
9	own	own	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 vanish	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	wait	imperative	you not said here					for the habit	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	vanish	to-infinitive	you not said here			habit's own			vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

Tell bigger lies so the small ones stop

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Tell	tell	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	bigger	big	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	3 lies	amod
3	lies	lie	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Tell	obj
4	so	so	SCONJ	_	8 stop	mark
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 ones	det
6	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 ones	amod
7	ones	one	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 stop	nsubj
8	stop	stop	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 Tell	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	tell speech: assert	imperative	you not said here	bigger lies					vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent lie=Recipient
2	stop	present	the small ones						vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality

Option 3

Nothing, because once a liar always a liar, and it can't be undone

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	root	root
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Nothing	punct
3	because	because	SCONJ	_	9 liar	mark
4	once	once	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	9 liar	advmod
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 liar	det
6	liar	liar	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 liar	nsubj
7	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	9 liar	advmod
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 liar	det
9	liar	liar	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Nothing	advcl
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 undone	punct
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 undone	cc
12	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	16 undone	nsubj:pass
13	ca	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	16 undone	aux
14	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	16 undone	advmod
15	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	16 undone	aux:pass
16	undone	undo	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	1 Nothing	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	liar		a liar					always, once property	tree rules
2	not undo	can · passive		liar					vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Practise small truths; honesty gets easier with practice

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Practise	practise	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 truths	amod
3	truths	truth	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Practise	obj
4	;	;	PUNCT	_	6 gets	punct
5	honesty	honesty	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 gets	nsubj
6	gets	get	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 Practise	parataxis
7	easier	easy	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	6 gets	xcomp
8	with	with	ADP	_	9 practice	case
9	practice	practice	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 gets	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	practise	imperative	you not said here	small truths					tree rules
2	get	present	honesty					with practice; easy property	vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/195-why-people-lie/t7/