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Exam question 3 · Telling when someone may be lying

It is given that two honest persons remember the same event differently. Determine the most probable explanation.

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: two honest persons, you · What happens: give, remember, determine · To what, where: It, same event, probable explanation

This is exam question 3 of lesson 198 «Telling when someone may be lying» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: It is given that two honest persons remember the same event differently.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 given	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 given	aux:pass
3	given	give	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	that	that	SCONJ	_	8 remember	mark
5	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	7 persons	nummod
6	honest	honest	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 persons	amod
7	persons	person	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 remember	nsubj
8	remember	remember	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 given	advcl
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 event	det
10	same	same	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 event	amod
11	event	event	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 remember	obj
12	differently	differently	ADV	_	8 remember	advmod
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 given	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	give	present · passive		It					vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	remember	present	two honest persons	the same event				differently property	vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent event=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Determine the most probable explanation.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Determine	determine	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 explanation	det
3	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	4 probable	advmod
4	probable	probable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 explanation	amod
5	explanation	explanation	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Determine	obj
6	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Determine	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	determine	imperative	you not said here	the probable explanation					vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent explanation=Topic

The options

Option 1

The event can never have happened at all

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 event	det
2	event	event	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 happened	nsubj
3	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 happened	aux
4	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	6 happened	advmod
5	have	have	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	6 happened	aux
6	happened	happen	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
7	at	at	ADP	_	8 all	case
8	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	6 happened	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not happen	can · perfect	the event			all			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme at all=Location

Option 2

One of them must be lying on purpose

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	One	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	6 lying	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	3 them	case
3	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	1 One	nmod
4	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 lying	aux
5	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	6 lying	aux
6	lying	lie	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
7	on	on	ADP	_	8 purpose	case
8	purpose	purpose	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 lying	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	lie	must · progressive	One of them			purpose			vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on purpose=Location

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Memory fills its gaps by guessing

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Memory	memory	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 fills	nsubj
2	fills	fill	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	4 gaps	nmod:poss
4	gaps	gap	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 fills	obj
5	by	by	SCONJ	_	6 guessing	mark
6	guessing	guess	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 fills	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fill	present	Memory	Memory's gaps					vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent gap=Patient
2	guess	gerund	Memory not said here						vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent

Option 4

Both of them must be lying on purpose

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Both	both	DET	PronType=Tot	6 lying	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	3 them	case
3	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	1 Both	nmod
4	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 lying	aux
5	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	6 lying	aux
6	lying	lie	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
7	on	on	ADP	_	8 purpose	case
8	purpose	purpose	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 lying	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	lie	must · progressive	Both			purpose			vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on purpose=Location

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/198-telling-when-someone-may-be-lying/e3/