Test 13 · ★★ · Telling when someone may be lying

kid says he met a famous footballer at the shop, believe him?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: kid · What happens: say, meet, believe · To what, where: famous footballer, shop, kid · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 13 · ★★ of lesson 198 «Telling when someone may be lying» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	kid	kid	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 says	nsubj
2	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 met	nsubj
4	met	meet	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 says	ccomp
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 footballer	det
6	famous	famous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 footballer	amod
7	footballer	footballer	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 met	obj
8	at	at	ADP	_	10 shop	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 shop	det
10	shop	shop	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 met	obl
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 believe	punct
12	believe	believe	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	2 says	parataxis
13	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 believe	obj
14	?	?	PUNCT	_	2 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	kid			vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	meet	past	kid	a famous footballer	the shop	vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent footballer=Co-Agent
3	believe	infinitive		kid		vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer he=Stimulus

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ✓ the right answer

Wait for good evidence before believing it

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Wait	wait	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
2	for	for	ADP	_	4 evidence	case
3	good	good	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 evidence	amod
4	evidence	evidence	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Wait	obl
5	before	before	SCONJ	_	6 believing	mark
6	believing	believe	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	1 Wait	advcl
7	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 believing	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	wait	imperative	you not said here					for good evidence	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	believe	gerund	you not said here	evidence					vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus

Option 2

No, call him a liar in front of everyone so he learns

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	3 call	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 No	punct
3	call	call	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 call	obj
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 liar	det
6	liar	liar	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 call	xcomp
7	in	in	ADP	_	8 front	case
8	front	front	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 call	obl
9	of	of	ADP	_	10 everyone	case
10	everyone	everyone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Tot	8 front	nmod
11	so	so	ADV	_	13 learns	advmod
12	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 learns	nsubj
13	learns	learn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 call	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	call	imperative	you not said here		him = he	front of everyone			vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent he=Recipient
2	learn	present	he						vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 3

Yes, he wouldn't say it otherwise

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	6 say	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Yes	punct
3	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 say	nsubj
4	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 say	aux
5	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	6 say	advmod
6	say	say	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
7	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 say	obj
8	otherwise	otherwise	ADV	_	6 say	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not say speech: assert	would	he	it				otherwise property	vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent it=Topic

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice

Yes, if he says trust me

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	5 says	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Yes	punct
3	if	if	SCONJ	_	5 says	mark
4	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 says	nsubj
5	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	trust	trust	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 says	ccomp
7	me	I	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	6 trust	iobj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	he						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	trust	infinitive			me				vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/198-telling-when-someone-may-be-lying/t13/