Test 1 · ★ · Meeting a dog safely Sam in Denver sees a puppy on a lead outside a café. Its owner is with it. What is the right first step?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: Sam, owner, right first step · What happens: see, be · To what, where: puppy, lead
This is test 1 · ★ of lesson 22 «Meeting a dog safely» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school .
The question Sentence 1: Sam in Denver sees a puppy on a lead outside a café.
nsubj case nmod det obj case det nmod case det nmod punct root Sam PROPN in ADP Denver PROPN sees VERB a DET puppy NOUN on ADP a DET lead NOUN outside ADP a DET café NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Sam Sam PROPN Number=Sing 4 sees nsubj 2 in in ADP _ 3 Denver case 3 Denver Denver PROPN Number=Sing 1 Sam nmod 4 sees see VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 puppy det 6 puppy puppy NOUN Number=Sing 4 sees obj 7 on on ADP _ 9 lead case 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 lead det 9 lead lead NOUN Number=Sing 6 puppy nmod 10 outside outside ADP _ 12 café case 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 café det 12 café café NOUN Number=Sing 9 lead nmod 13 . . PUNCT _ 4 sees punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 see present Sam in Denver a puppy a lead outside a café vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer puppy=Stimulus
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: Its owner is with it.
nmod:poss nsubj cop case punct root Its PRON owner NOUN is AUX with ADP it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 owner nmod:poss 2 owner owner NOUN Number=Sing 5 it nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 it cop 4 with with ADP _ 5 it case 5 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs root root 6 . . PUNCT _ 5 it punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present lead's owner with lead tree rules
Sentence 3: What is the right first step?
cop det amod amod nsubj punct root What PRON is AUX the DET right ADJ first ADJ step NOUN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 What what PRON PronType=Int root root 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 1 What cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 step det 4 right right ADJ Degree=Pos 6 step amod 5 first first ADJ Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord 6 step amod 6 step step NOUN Number=Sing 1 What nsubj 7 ? ? PUNCT _ 1 What punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the right first step tree rules
The options Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer Ask the owner if he may pat it
det obj mark nsubj aux ccomp obj root Ask VERB the DET owner NOUN if SCONJ he PRON may AUX pat VERB it PRON The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Ask ask VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 owner det 3 owner owner NOUN Number=Sing 1 Ask obj 4 if if SCONJ _ 7 pat mark 5 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 pat nsubj 6 may may AUX VerbForm=Fin 7 pat aux 7 pat pat VERB VerbForm=Inf 1 Ask ccomp 8 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 pat obj
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 ask speech: ask imperative you not said here the owner vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP whether S»: agent=Agent owner=Recipient clause=Topic 2 pat a condition, not said to happen may he owner vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme
Option 2 Pat it before the owner notices
nsubj appos case det nmod root Pat PROPN it PRON before ADP the DET owner NOUN notices VERB The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Pat Pat PROPN Number=Sing 6 notices nsubj 2 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 1 Pat appos 3 before before ADP _ 5 owner case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 owner det 5 owner owner NOUN Number=Sing 1 Pat nmod 6 notices notice VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 notice present Pat before the owner vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer
Option 3 Kneel down and hug the puppy
advmod cc conj det obj root Kneel VERB down ADV and CCONJ hug VERB the DET puppy NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Kneel kneel VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 down down ADV _ 1 Kneel advmod 3 and and CCONJ _ 4 hug cc 4 hug hug VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 1 Kneel conj 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 puppy det 6 puppy puppy NOUN Number=Sing 4 hug obj
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 kneel down imperative you not said here down property vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 hug infinitive you not said here the puppy vn marry-36.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent puppy=Co-Agent
Option 4 Pick the puppy up to cuddle it
det obj compound:prt mark advcl obj root Pick VERB the DET puppy NOUN up ADP to PART cuddle VERB it PRON The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Pick pick VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 puppy det 3 puppy puppy NOUN Number=Sing 1 Pick obj 4 up up ADP _ 1 Pick compound:prt 5 to to PART _ 6 cuddle mark 6 cuddle cuddle VERB VerbForm=Inf 1 Pick advcl 7 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 cuddle obj
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 pick up imperative you not said here the puppy vn discover-84-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent puppy=Topic 2 cuddle to-infinitive you not said here puppy vn marry-36.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Co-Agent
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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