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Test 8 · ★ · Meeting a dog safely

A boy in Manchester holds his hand out high and waves it at a dog he does not know. Why is this not a good idea?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: boy, this · What happens: hold out, wave, not know, not be · To what, where: hand, dog, good idea

This is test 8 · ★ of lesson 22 «Meeting a dog safely» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A boy in Manchester holds his hand out high and waves it at a dog he does not know.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 boy	det
2	boy	boy	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 holds	nsubj
3	in	in	ADP	_	4 Manchester	case
4	Manchester	Manchester	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 boy	nmod
5	holds	hold	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 hand	nmod:poss
7	hand	hand	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 holds	obj
8	out	out	ADP	_	5 holds	compound:prt
9	high	high	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 holds	advmod
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 waves	cc
11	waves	wave	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 holds	conj
12	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 waves	obj
13	at	at	ADP	_	15 dog	case
14	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 dog	det
15	dog	dog	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 waves	obl
16	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	19 know	nsubj
17	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	19 know	aux
18	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	19 know	advmod
19	know	know	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	15 dog	acl:relcl
20	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 holds	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hold out	present	a boy in Manchester	boy's hand					vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hand=Theme
2	wave	present	a boy in Manchester not said here	hand				at a dog	vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient
3	not know	present · do-support	boy	a dog not said here					vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer dog=Stimulus

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Why is this not a good idea?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	7 idea	advmod
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 idea	cop
3	this	this	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	7 idea	nsubj
4	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	7 idea	advmod
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 idea	det
6	good	good	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 idea	amod
7	idea	idea	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
8	?	?	PUNCT	_	7 idea	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not is a	present	this	a good idea					tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ✓ the right answer

Fast, waving hands can scare or excite a dog

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Fast	fast	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 hands	amod
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Fast	punct
3	waving	wave	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	4 hands	amod
4	hands	hand	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 scare	nsubj
5	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 scare	aux
6	scare	scare	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
7	or	or	CCONJ	_	8 excite	cc
8	excite	excite	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 scare	conj
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 dog	det
10	dog	dog	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 excite	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	wave	gerund							vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	scare	can	Fast waving hands						vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer
3	excite	infinitive	Fast waving hands not said here	a dog					vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus dog=Experiencer

Option 2

Dogs cannot smell hands held high

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Dogs	dog	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 smell	nsubj
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 smell	aux
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 smell	advmod
4	smell	smell	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	hands	hand	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 smell	obj
6	held	hold	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 smell	advcl
7	high	high	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 held	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not smell	can	Dogs	hands					vn see-30.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer hand=Stimulus
2	hold	participle	Dogs not said here					high property	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 3

Dogs only like hands held in pockets

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Dogs	dog	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 held	nsubj:pass
2	only	only	ADV	_	4 hands	advmod
3	like	like	ADP	_	4 hands	case
4	hands	hand	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Dogs	nmod
5	held	hold	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	in	in	ADP	_	7 pockets	case
7	pockets	pocket	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 held	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hold	participle · passive		Dogs like hands		pockets			vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: subject=Theme in pocket=Location

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice

Dogs like it, so it will follow him home and be his pet

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Dogs	dog	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 follow	nsubj
2	like	like	ADP	_	3 it	case
3	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	1 Dogs	nmod
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 follow	punct
5	so	so	ADV	_	8 follow	advmod
6	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 follow	nsubj
7	will	will	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	8 follow	aux
8	follow	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
9	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 follow	obj
10	home	home	ADV	_	8 follow	advmod
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 pet	cc
12	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	14 pet	cop
13	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	14 pet	nmod:poss
14	pet	pet	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 follow	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	future	Dogs like it	him = he				home property	vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme
2	is a	infinitive	Dogs like it not said here	his pet					tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/22-meeting-a-dog-safely/t8/