Exam question 4 · Good manners on buses and trains, and borrowing things
Ascertain the proper course where a borrowed item has been lost or broken.
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: you · What happens: ascertain, borrow, lose, break · To what, where: proper course, borrowed item
This is exam question 4 of lesson 225 «Good manners on buses and trains, and borrowing things» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ascertain | ascertain | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 course | det |
| 3 | proper | proper | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 course | amod |
| 4 | course | course | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Ascertain | obj |
| 5 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 11 lost | advmod |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 item | det |
| 7 | borrowed | borrow | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 8 item | amod |
| 8 | item | item | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 lost | nsubj:pass |
| 9 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 lost | aux |
| 10 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 11 lost | aux:pass |
| 11 | lost | lose | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 course | acl:relcl |
| 12 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 13 broken | cc |
| 13 | broken | break | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 11 lost | conj |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Ascertain | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ascertain | imperative | you not said here | the proper course | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent course=Topic | ||||
| 2 | borrow | participle | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 3 | lose | present · perfect · passive | a borrowed item | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality | |||||
| 4 | break | participle | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer
The owner is informed, an apology made and replacement offered
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 owner | det |
| 2 | owner | owner | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 informed | nsubj |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 informed | aux:pass |
| 4 | informed | inform | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 made | punct |
| 6 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 apology | det |
| 7 | apology | apology | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 made | nsubj:pass |
| 8 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 informed | ccomp |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 replacement | cc |
| 10 | replacement | replacement | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 made | conj |
| 11 | offered | offer | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 10 replacement | acl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | inform speech: other | present · passive | the owner | vn tell-37.2 «NP V NP.recipient S»: subject=Recipient clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | make | participle · passive | a apology | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product | |||||
| 3 | offer | participle | replacement not said here | vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent |
Option 2
Another item is substituted secretly
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Another | another | DET | PronType=Ind | 2 item | det |
| 2 | item | item | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 substituted | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 substituted | aux:pass |
| 4 | substituted | substitute | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | secretly | secretly | ADV | _ | 4 substituted | advmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | substitute | present · passive | another item | secretly property | vn substitute-13.6.2 «NP V NP.location»: subject=Location |
Option 3
The owner is blamed for lending it
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 owner | det |
| 2 | owner | owner | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 blamed | nsubj |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 blamed | aux:pass |
| 4 | blamed | blame | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 6 lending | mark |
| 6 | lending | lend | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 4 blamed | advcl |
| 7 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 lending | obj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | blame | present · passive | the owner | vn judgment-33.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | |||||
| 2 | lend | gerund | owner | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |
Option 4
The matter is concealed from the owner
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 matter | det |
| 2 | matter | matter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 concealed | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 concealed | aux:pass |
| 4 | concealed | conceal | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | from | from | ADP | _ | 7 owner | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 owner | det |
| 7 | owner | owner | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 concealed | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | conceal | present · passive | the matter | the owner | vn concealment-16 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: subject=Patient from owner=Beneficiary |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/225-public-transport-and-borrowing/e4/