Test 4 · Understanding cats Jack strokes his cat on the head. Its tail begins to swish and its ears turn back. What has the cat decided?
Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: Jack, tail, ears · What happens: stroke, begin, swish, turn back, have, decide · To what, where: cat
This is test 4 of lesson 23 «Understanding cats» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school .
The question Sentence 1: Jack strokes his cat on the head.
nsubj nmod:poss obj case det obl punct root Jack PROPN strokes VERB his PRON cat NOUN on ADP the DET head NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Jack Jack PROPN Number=Sing 2 strokes nsubj 2 strokes stroke VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 cat nmod:poss 4 cat cat NOUN Number=Sing 2 strokes obj 5 on on ADP _ 7 head case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 head det 7 head head NOUN Number=Sing 2 strokes obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 strokes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stroke present Jack Jack's cat on the head vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP PP.theme PP.instrument»: agent=Agent cat=Experiencer on head=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: Its tail begins to swish and its ears turn back.
nmod:poss nsubj mark xcomp cc nmod:poss nsubj conj advmod punct root Its PRON tail NOUN begins VERB to PART swish VERB and CCONJ its PRON ears NOUN turn VERB back ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 tail nmod:poss 2 tail tail NOUN Number=Sing 3 begins nsubj 3 begins begin VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 to to PART _ 5 swish mark 5 swish swish VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 begins xcomp 6 and and CCONJ _ 9 turn cc 7 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 ears nmod:poss 8 ears ear NOUN Number=Plur 9 turn nsubj 9 turn turn VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 swish conj 10 back back ADV _ 9 turn advmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 begins punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 begin present head's tail vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality 2 swish to-infinitive head's tail not said here vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme 3 turn back present head's ears vn banish-10.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Sentence 3: What has the cat decided?
nsubj det obj acl punct root What PRON has VERB the DET cat NOUN decided VERB ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 What what PRON PronType=Int 2 has nsubj 2 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 cat det 4 cat cat NOUN Number=Sing 2 has obj 5 decided decide VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 cat acl 6 ? ? PUNCT _ 2 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present the cat vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cat=Patient 2 decide participle the cat not said here vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
The options Option 1 It wants more strokes, and harder ones too
nsubj amod obj punct cc amod parataxis advmod root It PRON wants VERB more ADJ strokes NOUN , PUNCT and CCONJ harder ADJ ones NOUN too ADV The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 wants nsubj 2 wants want VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 more more ADJ Degree=Cmp 4 strokes amod 4 strokes stroke NOUN Number=Plur 2 wants obj 5 , , PUNCT _ 8 ones punct 6 and and CCONJ _ 8 ones cc 7 harder hard ADJ Degree=Cmp 8 ones amod 8 ones one NOUN Number=Plur 2 wants parataxis 9 too too ADV _ 2 wants advmod
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 want present It more strokes vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot stroke=Theme
Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer It has had enough and wants him to stop
nsubj aux advmod cc conj obj mark xcomp root It PRON has AUX had VERB enough ADV and CCONJ wants VERB him PRON to PART stop VERB The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 had nsubj 2 has have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 had aux 3 had have VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part root root 4 enough enough ADV _ 3 had advmod 5 and and CCONJ _ 6 wants cc 6 wants want VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 had conj 7 him he PRON Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 wants obj 8 to to PART _ 9 stop mark 9 stop stop VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 wants xcomp
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present · perfect It enough property vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 2 want present him = he tree rules 3 stop not said to happen to-infinitive him = he not said here vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
Option 3 It wants to be picked up
nsubj mark aux:pass xcomp compound:prt root It PRON wants VERB to PART be AUX picked VERB up ADP The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 wants nsubj 2 wants want VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 to to PART _ 5 picked mark 4 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 5 picked aux:pass 5 picked pick VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 wants xcomp 6 up up ADP _ 5 picked compound:prt
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 want present It vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme 2 pick up not said to happen to-infinitive · passive vn discover-84-1 «NP V PP.topic S_ING»
Option 4 It is falling asleep happily
nsubj aux xcomp advmod root It PRON is AUX falling VERB asleep ADJ happily ADV The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 falling nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 falling aux 3 falling fall VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 asleep asleep ADJ Degree=Pos 3 falling xcomp 5 happily happily ADV _ 3 falling advmod
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fall present · progressive It asleep, happily property vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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