Exam question 2 · Hiking and camping safely

Which of the following constitutes the proper siting of a tent?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · What happens: follow, constitute, site

This is exam question 2 of lesson 230 «Hiking and camping safely» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	5 constitutes	obj
2	of	of	SCONJ	_	5 constitutes	mark
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 following	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 constitutes	nsubj
5	constitutes	constitute	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 proper	det
7	proper	proper	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 constitutes	xcomp
8	siting	site	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	7 proper	advcl
9	of	of	ADP	_	11 tent	case
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 tent	det
11	tent	tent	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 siting	obl
12	?	?	PUNCT	_	5 constitutes	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund		vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	constitute	present	proper property	vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme which=Pivot
3	site	gerund	of a tent	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Flat high ground, away from dead trees, rivers and slope bottoms

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Flat	flat	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 ground	amod
2	high	high	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 ground	amod
3	ground	ground	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 slope	nsubj
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 trees	punct
5	away	away	ADV	_	8 trees	advmod
6	from	from	ADP	_	8 trees	case
7	dead	dead	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 trees	amod
8	trees	tree	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 ground	conj
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 rivers	punct
10	rivers	river	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 trees	conj
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 trees	cc
12	slope	slope	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
13	bottoms	bottom	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 slope	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	slope	present	Flat high ground and dead trees and rivers	bottoms					vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location bottom=Theme

Option 2

Beneath a dead tree, for shelter

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Beneath	beneath	ADP	_	4 tree	case
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 tree	det
3	dead	dead	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 tree	amod
4	tree	tree	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 shelter	punct
6	for	for	ADP	_	7 shelter	case
7	shelter	shelter	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 tree	conj

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 3

At the bottom of a steep slope, where the wind cannot reach it

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	At	at	ADP	_	3 bottom	case
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 bottom	det
3	bottom	bottom	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	7 slope	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 slope	det
6	steep	steep	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 slope	amod
7	slope	slope	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 bottom	nmod
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 reach	punct
9	where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	14 reach	advmod
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 wind	det
11	wind	wind	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 reach	nsubj
12	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	14 reach	aux
13	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	14 reach	advmod
14	reach	reach	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	7 slope	acl:relcl
15	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 reach	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not reach	can	the wind	slope					vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent it=Theme

Option 4

Directly beside a river, so as to ensure a supply of water

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Directly	directly	ADV	_	4 river	advmod
2	beside	beside	ADP	_	4 river	case
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 river	det
4	river	river	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 ensure	punct
6	so	so	ADV	_	9 ensure	advmod
7	as	as	SCONJ	_	9 ensure	mark
8	to	to	PART	_	9 ensure	mark
9	ensure	ensure	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 river	acl:relcl
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 supply	det
11	supply	supply	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 ensure	obj
12	of	of	ADP	_	13 water	case
13	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 supply	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	ensure	to-infinitive		a supply of water					vn ensure-99 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition supply=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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