Test 7 · ★★ · Snow, ice and strong sun

A boy sees an older child about to knock down a huge icicle hanging over the doorway. Why should he warn him?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: boy, huge icicle · What happens: see, knock down, hang, warn · To what, where: older child, huge icicle, doorway, child

This is test 7 · ★★ of lesson 234 «Snow, ice and strong sun» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A boy sees an older child about to knock down a huge icicle hanging over the doorway.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 boy	det
2	boy	boy	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 sees	nsubj
3	sees	see	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 child	det
5	older	old	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	6 child	amod
6	child	child	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 sees	obj
7	about	about	SCONJ	_	9 knock	mark
8	to	to	PART	_	9 knock	mark
9	knock	knock	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 sees	advcl
10	down	down	ADP	_	9 knock	compound:prt
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 icicle	det
12	huge	huge	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 icicle	amod
13	icicle	icicle	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 knock	obj
14	hanging	hang	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	13 icicle	acl
15	over	over	ADP	_	17 doorway	case
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 doorway	det
17	doorway	doorway	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 hanging	obl
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 sees	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	see	present	a boy	a older child		vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer child=Stimulus
2	knock down	to-infinitive	a boy not said here	a huge icicle		vn split-23.2 «NP V NP apart»: agent=Agent icicle=Patient
3	hang	gerund	a huge icicle not said here		the doorway	vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent over doorway=Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Why should he warn him?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	4 warn	advmod
2	should	should	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 warn	aux
3	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 warn	nsubj
4	warn	warn	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 warn	obj
6	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 warn	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	warn speech: warn	should	boy		child				vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent he=Recipient

The options

Option 1

It will make the roof leak at once and flood the whole house

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 make	nsubj
2	will	will	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 make	aux
3	make	make	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 leak	det
5	roof	roof	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 leak	compound
6	leak	leak	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 make	obj
7	at	at	ADP	_	8 once	case
8	once	once	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	3 make	obl
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 flood	cc
10	flood	flood	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 make	conj
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 house	det
12	whole	whole	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 house	amod
13	house	house	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 flood	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	future	It	the roof leak					vn build-26.1-1 «NP.material V NP»: agent=Material leak=Product
2	flood	infinitive		the whole house					vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent house=Patient

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

A falling icicle is heavy and sharp and can injure people

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 icicle	det
2	falling	fall	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	3 icicle	amod
3	icicle	icicle	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 heavy	nsubj
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 heavy	cop
5	heavy	heavy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 sharp	cc
7	sharp	sharp	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 heavy	conj
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 injure	cc
9	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	10 injure	aux
10	injure	injure	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 heavy	conj
11	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 injure	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	fall	gerund				vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	is	present	a falling icicle		heavy property	tree rules
3	be		a falling icicle not said here			tree rules
4	injure	can	a falling icicle not said here	people		tree rules

Option 3

Icicles are needed to keep the house warm all through the winter

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Icicles	icicle	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 needed	nsubj:pass
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 needed	aux:pass
3	needed	need	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	to	to	PART	_	5 keep	mark
5	keep	keep	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 needed	advcl
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 house	det
7	house	house	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 keep	obj
8	warm	warm	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 keep	xcomp
9	all	all	ADV	_	12 winter	advmod
10	through	through	ADP	_	12 winter	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 winter	det
12	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 keep	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	need	present · passive		Icicles					vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: subject=Theme
2	keep	to-infinitive		the house			winter	warm property	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent house=Theme

Option 4

Icicles are too slippery to hold

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Icicles	icicle	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 slippery	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 slippery	cop
3	too	too	ADV	_	4 slippery	advmod
4	slippery	slippery	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	to	to	PART	_	6 hold	mark
6	hold	hold	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 slippery	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Icicles					slippery property	tree rules
2	hold	to-infinitive	Icicles not said here						vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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