Exam question 2 · Litter and caring for nature

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the release of balloons outdoors?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: release

This is exam question 2 of lesson 239 «Litter and caring for nature» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 release	det
10	release	release	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	12 balloons	case
12	balloons	balloon	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 release	nmod
13	outdoors	outdoors	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
14	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the release of balloons				of the following statements; accurately, outdoors property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

They are entirely harmless once they have burst in the air

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 harmless	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 harmless	cop
3	entirely	entirely	ADV	_	4 harmless	advmod
4	harmless	harmless	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	once	once	SCONJ	_	8 burst	mark
6	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 burst	nsubj
7	have	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 burst	aux
8	burst	burst	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	4 harmless	advcl
9	in	in	ADP	_	11 air	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 air	det
11	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 burst	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	They					entirely, harmless property	tree rules
2	burst	present · perfect	they			the air			vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in air=Location

Option 2

They decay within a single day

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 decay	nsubj
2	decay	decay	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	within	within	ADP	_	6 day	case
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 day	det
5	single	single	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 day	amod
6	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 decay	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	decay	present	They				day		vn entity_specific_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Option 3

They float away permanently into space

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 float	nsubj
2	float	float	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	away	away	ADV	_	2 float	advmod
4	permanently	permanently	ADV	_	2 float	advmod
5	into	into	ADP	_	6 space	case
6	space	space	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 float	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	float away	present	They			space		away, permanently property	vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme into space=Destination

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

They return as litter swallowed by animals or entangling them

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 return	nsubj
2	return	return	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	as	as	ADP	_	4 litter	case
4	litter	litter	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 return	obl
5	swallowed	swallow	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 litter	acl
6	by	by	ADP	_	7 animals	case
7	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 swallowed	obl:agent
8	or	or	CCONJ	_	9 entangling	cc
9	entangling	entangle	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	5 swallowed	conj
10	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 entangling	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	return	present	They		as litter	vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	swallow	participle		litter not said here		vn hiccup-40.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	entangle	gerund		animals = animal		vn amalgamate-22.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/239-litter-and-caring-for-nature/e2/