Test 8 · ★★ · The night sky and outdoor myths

Why do the northern lights appear near the poles and not over Florida?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: northern lights · What happens: do, appear · To what, where: poles

This is test 8 · ★★ of lesson 240 «The night sky and outdoor myths» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	2 do	advmod
2	do	do	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 appear	advcl
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 lights	det
4	northern	northern	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 lights	amod
5	lights	light	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 appear	nsubj
6	appear	appear	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	near	near	ADP	_	9 poles	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 poles	det
9	poles	pole	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 appear	obl
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 Florida	cc
11	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	13 Florida	advmod
12	over	over	ADP	_	13 Florida	case
13	Florida	Florida	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 poles	conj
14	?	?	PUNCT	_	6 appear	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	do	present	the northern lights not said here						vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	appear	present	the northern lights			the poles and Florida			vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme near pole=Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Ice at the poles shines light up into the sky

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 shines	compound
2	at	at	ADP	_	4 poles	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 poles	det
4	poles	pole	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Ice	nmod
5	shines	shine	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 light	nsubj
6	light	light	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	up	up	ADV	_	6 light	advmod
8	into	into	ADP	_	10 sky	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 sky	det
10	sky	sky	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 light	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	light up	present	Ice shines			the sky			vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 2

The poles are much colder, and very cold air always glows on its own in the dark

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 poles	det
2	poles	pole	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 colder	nsubj
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 colder	cop
4	much	much	ADV	_	5 colder	advmod
5	colder	cold	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 glows	punct
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 glows	cc
8	very	very	ADV	_	9 cold	advmod
9	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 air	amod
10	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 glows	nsubj
11	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	12 glows	advmod
12	glows	glow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 colder	parataxis
13	on	on	ADP	_	15 own	case
14	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	15 own	nmod:poss
15	own	own	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 glows	obl
16	in	in	ADP	_	18 dark	case
17	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	18 dark	det
18	dark	dark	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 glows	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the poles					cold property	tree rules
2	glow	present	cold air			air's own		in the dark; always property	vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on own=Location

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The Sun's particles are pulled towards the poles, where they make the air glow

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 Sun	det
2	Sun	Sun	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 particles	nmod:poss
3	's	's	PART	_	2 Sun	case
4	particles	particle	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 pulled	nsubj:pass
5	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 pulled	aux:pass
6	pulled	pull	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
7	towards	towards	ADP	_	9 poles	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 poles	det
9	poles	pole	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 pulled	obl
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 make	punct
11	where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	13 make	advmod
12	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 make	nsubj
13	make	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 pulled	conj
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 glow	det
15	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 glow	compound
16	glow	glow	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 make	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	pull	present · passive		the Sun's particles		the poles			vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme towards pole=Destination
2	make	present	particles = particle	the air glow					vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset glow=Product

Option 4

Florida is far too close to the Sun for the lights to be able to form over it at night

The tree, 20 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Florida	Florida	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 close	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 close	cop
3	far	far	ADV	Degree=Pos	5 close	advmod
4	too	too	ADV	_	5 close	advmod
5	close	close	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
6	to	to	ADP	_	8 Sun	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 Sun	det
8	Sun	Sun	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 close	obl
9	for	for	ADP	_	11 lights	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 lights	det
11	lights	light	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 close	obl
12	to	to	PART	_	14 able	mark
13	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	14 able	cop
14	able	able	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 close	advcl
15	to	to	PART	_	16 form	mark
16	form	form	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	14 able	xcomp
17	over	over	ADP	_	18 it	case
18	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	16 form	obl
19	at	at	ADP	_	20 night	case
20	night	night	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 form	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Florida			to the Sun; for the lights; close, far property	tree rules
2	is	to-infinitive	Florida not said here			able property	tree rules
3	form	to-infinitive	Florida not said here	Sun	night		vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over it=Location

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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