Exam question 2 · Prices, change, borrowing and lending

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises a loan?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: loan

This is exam question 2 of lesson 262 «Prices, change, borrowing and lending» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 loan	det
10	loan	loan	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		a loan				of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Money that need never be repaid

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Money	money	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
2	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 repaid	obj
3	need	need	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 repaid	aux
4	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	6 repaid	advmod
5	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	6 repaid	aux:pass
6	repaid	repay	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	1 Money	acl:relcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not repay	present · passive		Money					vn equip-13.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: that=Recipient

Option 2

Money earned by working

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Money	money	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
2	earned	earn	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	1 Money	acl
3	by	by	SCONJ	_	4 working	mark
4	working	work	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 earned	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	earn	participle		Money not said here					vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
2	work	gerund							vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Money borrowed that must be repaid, often with interest

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Money	money	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 repaid	nsubj:pass
2	borrowed	borrow	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	1 Money	acl
3	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	2 borrowed	obj
4	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 repaid	aux
5	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	6 repaid	aux:pass
6	repaid	repay	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 often	punct
8	often	often	ADV	_	6 repaid	advmod
9	with	with	ADP	_	10 interest	case
10	interest	interest	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 repaid	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	borrow	participle	Money not said here	Money					vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent that=Theme
2	repay	must · passive		Money				with interest; often property	vn equip-13.4.2-1 «NP V NP-Fulfilling PP»: subject=Recipient with interest=Theme

Option 4

Money given as a gift

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Money	money	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
2	given	give	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	1 Money	acl
3	as	as	ADP	_	5 gift	case
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 gift	det
5	gift	gift	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 given	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	give	participle		Money not said here				as a gift	vn break_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/262-prices-change-and-borrowing/e2/