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Test 4 · ★★ · Prices, change, borrowing and lending

A girl lends her friend her whole $50 savings, and the friend loses it. What lesson does this show?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: girl, friend, lesson · What happens: lend, lose, save, show · To what, where: whole $ 50 savings, friend, it

This is test 4 · ★★ of lesson 262 «Prices, change, borrowing and lending» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A girl lends her friend her whole $50 savings, and the friend loses it.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 girl	det
2	girl	girl	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 lends	nsubj
3	lends	lend	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	her	her	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 friend	nmod:poss
5	friend	friend	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 lends	obj
6	her	her	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	10 savings	nmod:poss
7	whole	whole	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 savings	amod
8	$	$	SYM	_	10 savings	compound
9	50	50	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	10 savings	nummod
10	savings	savings	NOUN	Number=Ptan	3 lends	obj
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 loses	punct
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 loses	cc
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 friend	det
14	friend	friend	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 loses	nsubj
15	loses	lose	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 lends	conj
16	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	15 loses	obj
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 lends	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	lend	present	a girl	girl's whole $ 50 savings	girl's friend				vn give-13.1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent friend=Recipient savings=Theme
2	lose	present	the friend	it					vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Eventuality
3	save		girl						nom savings «possession transitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What lesson does this show?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	DET	PronType=Int	2 lesson	det
2	lesson	lesson	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 show	nsubj
3	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 show	aux
4	this	this	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	5 show	nsubj
5	show	show	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
6	?	?	PUNCT	_	5 show	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	show	present · do-support	what lesson						vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

The options

Option 1

Lending money to friends always ends friendships

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Lending	lend	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	6 ends	csubj
2	money	money	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Lending	obj
3	to	to	ADP	_	4 friends	case
4	friends	friend	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Lending	obl
5	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	6 ends	advmod
6	ends	end	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	friendships	friendship	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 ends	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	lend	gerund		money	friends				vn give-13.1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent money=Theme to friend=Recipient
2	end	present	Lending	friendships				always property	vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality friendship=Eventuality

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

Lend only what you can afford to lose

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Lend	lend	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	only	only	ADV	_	3 what	advmod
3	what	what	PRON	PronType=Int	6 afford	obj
4	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	6 afford	nsubj
5	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 afford	aux
6	afford	afford	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	1 Lend	advcl
7	to	to	PART	_	8 lose	mark
8	lose	lose	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 afford	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	lend	imperative	you not said here						vn give-13.1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent
2	afford	can	you						tree rules
3	lose	to-infinitive	you not said here						vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 3

Always lend everything you have to friends

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	2 lend	advmod
2	lend	lend	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	everything	everything	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Tot	2 lend	obj
4	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	5 have	nsubj
5	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 everything	acl:relcl
6	to	to	PART	_	7 friends	mark
7	friends	friend	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 lend	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	lend	imperative	you not said here	everything				always property	vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent everything=Theme
2	have	present	you						vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice

Friends never lose or spend money they borrow

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Friends	friend	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 lose	nsubj
2	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	3 lose	advmod
3	lose	lose	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	or	or	CCONJ	_	5 spend	cc
5	spend	spend	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 lose	conj
6	money	money	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 spend	obj
7	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 borrow	nsubj
8	borrow	borrow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 money	acl:relcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not lose	present	Friends						vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	spend	present	Friends not said here	money					vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent money=Asset
3	borrow	present	Friends = friend	money not said here					vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent money=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/262-prices-change-and-borrowing/t4/