Test 2 · ★ · Walking on the pavement and crossing roads A boy in Dublin sees a car stopped at a crossing for him. The lane beside it is busy. Why must he wait?
Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: boy, car, lane · What happens: see, stop, be, wait · To what, where: crossing
This is test 2 · ★ of lesson 266 «Walking on the pavement and crossing roads» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school .
The question Sentence 1: A boy in Dublin sees a car stopped at a crossing for him.
det nsubj case nmod det nsubj parataxis case det obl case obl punct root A DET boy NOUN in ADP Dublin PROPN sees VERB a DET car NOUN stopped VERB at ADP a DET crossing NOUN for ADP him PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 boy det 2 boy boy NOUN Number=Sing 5 sees nsubj 3 in in ADP _ 4 Dublin case 4 Dublin Dublin PROPN Number=Sing 2 boy nmod 5 sees see VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 car det 7 car car NOUN Number=Sing 8 stopped nsubj 8 stopped stop VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 sees parataxis 9 at at ADP _ 11 crossing case 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 crossing det 11 crossing crossing NOUN Number=Sing 8 stopped obl 12 for for ADP _ 13 him case 13 him he PRON Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 stopped obl 14 . . PUNCT _ 5 sees punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 see present a boy in Dublin vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer 2 stop past a car a crossing for boy vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at crossing=Location
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: The lane beside it is busy.
det nsubj case nmod cop punct root The DET lane NOUN beside ADP it PRON is AUX busy ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 lane det 2 lane lane NOUN Number=Sing 6 busy nsubj 3 beside beside ADP _ 4 it case 4 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 lane nmod 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 busy cop 6 busy busy ADJ Degree=Pos root root 7 . . PUNCT _ 6 busy punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present the lane beside crossing busy property tree rules
Sentence 3: Why must he wait?
advmod aux nsubj punct root Why ADV must AUX he PRON wait VERB ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Why why ADV PronType=Int 4 wait advmod 2 must must AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 wait aux 3 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 wait nsubj 4 wait wait VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 ? ? PUNCT _ 4 wait punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 wait must boy vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
The options Option 1 The rule is to wait for the driver to wave at him twice, then once more
The tree, 16 words det nsubj cop mark case det obl mark advcl case obl advmod punct advmod advmod advmod root The DET rule NOUN is AUX to PART wait VERB for ADP the DET driver NOUN to PART wave VERB at ADP him PRON twice ADV , PUNCT then ADV once ADV more ADV The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 rule det 2 rule rule NOUN Number=Sing 5 wait nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 wait cop 4 to to PART _ 5 wait mark 5 wait wait VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 for for ADP _ 8 driver case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 driver det 8 driver driver NOUN Number=Sing 5 wait obl 9 to to PART _ 10 wave mark 10 wave wave VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 wait advcl 11 at at ADP _ 12 him case 12 him he PRON Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 wave obl 13 twice twice ADV NumForm=Word NumType=Mult 10 wave advmod 14 , , PUNCT _ 16 once punct 15 then then ADV PronType=Dem 16 once advmod 16 once once ADV NumForm=Word NumType=Mult 17 more advmod 17 more more ADV Degree=Cmp 5 wait advmod
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present the rule for the driver; wait property tree rules 2 wave to-infinitive the rule not said here at driver; twice property vn modes_of_being_with_motion-47.3 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at he=Location
Option 2 · ← Mova's choice Only one lane has to stop for him
advmod nummod nsubj mark xcomp case obl root Only ADV one NUM lane NOUN has VERB to PART stop VERB for ADP him PRON The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Only only ADV _ 2 one advmod 2 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 3 lane nummod 3 lane lane NOUN Number=Sing 4 has nsubj 4 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 to to PART _ 6 stop mark 6 stop stop VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 has xcomp 7 for for ADP _ 8 him case 8 him he PRON Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 stop obl
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present one lane tree rules 2 stop to-infinitive one lane not said here for lane vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
Option 3 The stopped car might change its mind
det amod nsubj aux nmod:poss obj root The DET stopped VERB car NOUN might AUX change VERB its PRON mind NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 car det 2 stopped stop VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 car amod 3 car car NOUN Number=Sing 5 change nsubj 4 might might AUX VerbForm=Fin 5 change aux 5 change change VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 mind nmod:poss 7 mind mind NOUN Number=Sing 5 change obj
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stop participle vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality 2 change might the stopped car car's mind vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mind=Patient 3 mind car nom mind «cognition transitive»: poss=agent
Option 4 · ✓ the right answer A car in the next lane may not see him behind the stopped car
det nsubj case det amod nmod aux advmod obj case det amod obl root A DET car NOUN in ADP the DET next ADJ lane NOUN may AUX not PART see VERB him PRON behind ADP the DET stopped VERB car NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 car det 2 car car NOUN Number=Sing 9 see nsubj 3 in in ADP _ 6 lane case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 lane det 5 next next ADJ Degree=Pos 6 lane amod 6 lane lane NOUN Number=Sing 2 car nmod 7 may may AUX VerbForm=Fin 9 see aux 8 not not PART Polarity=Neg 9 see advmod 9 see see VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 10 him he PRON Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 see obj 11 behind behind ADP _ 14 car case 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 14 car det 13 stopped stop VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 14 car amod 14 car car NOUN Number=Sing 9 see obl
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not see may a car in the next lane him = he the stopped car vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer he=Stimulus 2 stop participle vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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