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Test 6 · ★★ · In the car: seat belts, car seats and good passengers

A boy waves his arm out of the window on a country road. What could happen?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: boy · What happens: wave, happen · To what, where: arm, window

This is test 6 · ★★ of lesson 268 «In the car: seat belts, car seats and good passengers» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A boy waves his arm out of the window on a country road.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 boy	det
2	boy	boy	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 waves	nsubj
3	waves	wave	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 arm	nmod:poss
5	arm	arm	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 waves	obj
6	out	out	ADP	_	9 window	case
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 window	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 window	det
9	window	window	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 waves	obl
10	on	on	ADP	_	13 road	case
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 road	det
12	country	country	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 road	compound
13	road	road	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 waves	obl
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 waves	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	wave	present	a boy	boy's arm		the window		on a country road	vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent arm=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What could happen?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 happen	nsubj
2	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 happen	aux
3	happen	happen	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 happen	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	happen	could							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

The options

Option 1

Drivers behind him will slow down because they think he is signalling

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Drivers	driver	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 slow	nsubj
2	behind	behind	ADP	_	3 him	case
3	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	1 Drivers	nmod
4	will	will	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 slow	aux
5	slow	slow	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
6	down	down	ADP	_	5 slow	compound:prt
7	because	because	SCONJ	_	9 think	mark
8	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 think	nsubj
9	think	think	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 slow	advcl
10	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 signalling	nsubj
11	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 signalling	aux
12	signalling	signall	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	9 think	ccomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	slow down	future	Drivers behind him						vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
2	think speech: other	present	Drivers = driver						vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
3	signall	present · progressive	he						tree rules

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

Nothing, because country roads are empty

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	root	root
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 empty	punct
3	because	because	SCONJ	_	7 empty	mark
4	country	country	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 roads	compound
5	roads	road	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 empty	nsubj
6	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 empty	cop
7	empty	empty	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Nothing	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	country roads					empty property	tree rules

Option 3

The wind could blow his watch off only

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 wind	det
2	wind	wind	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 blow	nsubj
3	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 blow	aux
4	blow	blow	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	6 watch	nmod:poss
6	watch	watch	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 blow	xcomp
7	off	off	ADP	_	4 blow	compound:prt
8	only	only	ADV	_	4 blow	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	blow off	could	the wind						tree rules
2	watch	infinitive	the wind not said here						vn search-35.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

A branch, post or passing car could hit his arm

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 branch	det
2	branch	branch	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 hit	nsubj
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	4 post	punct
4	post	post	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 branch	conj
5	or	or	CCONJ	_	6 passing	cc
6	passing	pass	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 branch	conj
7	car	car	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 passing	obj
8	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	9 hit	aux
9	hit	hit	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
10	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	11 arm	nmod:poss
11	arm	arm	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 hit	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	pass	gerund	a branch and post not said here	car					vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme car=Trajectory
2	hit	could	a branch and post	his arm					vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme arm=Co-Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/268-in-the-car-and-seat-belts/t6/