Exam question 2 · Crash forces, school buses and public buses

Identify the principal reason for which a pedestrian alighting from a bus is required to defer crossing until the vehicle has departed.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, pedestrian, vehicle · What happens: identify, alight, require, defer, cross, depart · To what, where: principal reason, bus, pedestrian

This is exam question 2 of lesson 269 «Crash forces, school buses and public buses» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 reason	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	amod
4	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	14 required	obl
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 pedestrian	det
8	pedestrian	pedestrian	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 required	nsubj:pass
9	alighting	alight	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 pedestrian	acl
10	from	from	ADP	_	12 bus	case
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 bus	det
12	bus	bus	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 alighting	obl
13	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 required	aux:pass
14	required	require	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 reason	acl:relcl
15	to	to	PART	_	16 defer	mark
16	defer	defer	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	14 required	xcomp
17	crossing	cross	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	16 defer	xcomp
18	until	until	SCONJ	_	22 departed	mark
19	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	20 vehicle	det
20	vehicle	vehicle	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 departed	nsubj
21	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	22 departed	aux
22	departed	depart	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	17 crossing	advcl
23	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal reason			vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme
2	alight	gerund	a pedestrian not said here		a bus		tree rules
3	require	present · passive		a pedestrian		for the principal reason	vn order-58.3-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: subject=Recipient clause=Topic
4	defer	to-infinitive					vn delay-53.3-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality
5	cross	gerund					vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
6	depart	present · perfect	the vehicle				vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Buses customarily reverse upon leaving each stop

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Buses	bus	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 reverse	nsubj
2	customarily	customarily	ADV	_	3 reverse	advmod
3	reverse	reverse	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	upon	upon	SCONJ	_	5 leaving	mark
5	leaving	leave	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	3 reverse	advcl
6	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	7 stop	det
7	stop	stop	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 leaving	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	reverse	present	Buses					customarily property	vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
2	leave	gerund	Buses not said here	each stop					vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stop=Theme

Option 2

Exhaust fumes render the area behind a bus impassable

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Exhaust	exhaust	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 fumes	compound
2	fumes	fume	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 render	nsubj
3	render	render	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 area	det
5	area	area	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 render	obj
6	behind	behind	ADP	_	8 bus	case
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 bus	det
8	bus	bus	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 render	obl
9	impassable	impassable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 bus	amod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	render	present	Exhaust fumes	the area		a bus			vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent area=Theme

Option 3

The driver is obliged to supervise every crossing

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 driver	det
2	driver	driver	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 obliged	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 obliged	aux:pass
4	obliged	oblige	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	to	to	PART	_	6 supervise	mark
6	supervise	supervise	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 obliged	xcomp
7	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	8 crossing	det
8	crossing	crossing	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 supervise	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	oblige	present · passive		the driver					vn compel-59.1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: subject=Patient clause=Result
2	supervise	to-infinitive		every crossing					vn supervision-95.2.2-1 «NP V NP.predicate»: agent=Agent crossing=Eventuality

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

The vehicle conceals the pedestrian from traffic and vice versa

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 vehicle	det
2	vehicle	vehicle	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 conceals	nsubj
3	conceals	conceal	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 pedestrian	det
5	pedestrian	pedestrian	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 conceals	obj
6	from	from	ADP	_	7 traffic	case
7	traffic	traffic	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 conceals	obl
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 vice	cc
9	vice	vice	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 traffic	conj
10	versa	versa	ADV	_	3 conceals	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	conceal	present	the vehicle	the pedestrian		traffic and vice		versa property	vn concealment-16 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent pedestrian=Patient from traffic=Beneficiary

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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