Exam question 4 · Crash forces, school buses and public buses

Whereas it is sometimes asserted that an adult may secure a child upon the lap during a motor journey, state which proposition is correct.

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: adult, proposition · What happens: assert, secure, be · To what, where: it, child

This is exam question 4 of lesson 269 «Crash forces, school buses and public buses» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Whereas	whereas	SCONJ	_	5 asserted	mark
2	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 asserted	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 asserted	aux:pass
4	sometimes	sometimes	ADV	PronType=Ind	5 asserted	advmod
5	asserted	assert	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 secure	advcl
6	that	that	SCONJ	_	10 secure	mark
7	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 adult	det
8	adult	adult	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 secure	nsubj
9	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	10 secure	aux
10	secure	secure	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 child	det
12	child	child	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 secure	obj
13	upon	upon	ADP	_	15 lap	case
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 lap	det
15	lap	lap	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 secure	obl
16	during	during	ADP	_	19 journey	case
17	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	19 journey	det
18	motor	motor	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 journey	compound
19	journey	journey	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 secure	obl
20	,	,	PUNCT	_	21 state	punct
21	state	state	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 journey	conj
22	which	which	DET	PronType=Int	23 proposition	det
23	proposition	proposition	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 correct	nsubj
24	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	25 correct	cop
25	correct	correct	ADJ	Degree=Pos	19 journey	acl:relcl
26	.	.	PUNCT	_	10 secure	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	assert	present · passive		it		sometimes property	vn reflexive_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	secure	may	a adult	a child	during a motor journey and state	upon the lap	vn ensure-99 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition child=Theme
3	is	present	which proposition			correct property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

An adult's arms afford protection superior to a seat belt

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	An	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 adult	det
2	adult	adult	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 arms	nmod:poss
3	's	's	PART	_	2 adult	case
4	arms	arm	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 afford	nsubj
5	afford	afford	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	protection	protection	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 afford	obj
7	superior	superior	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 afford	xcomp
8	to	to	ADP	_	11 belt	case
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 belt	det
10	seat	seat	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 belt	compound
11	belt	belt	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 superior	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	afford	infinitive	a adult's arms	protection				superior property	tree rules

Option 2

Collisions exert only modest forces upon passengers

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Collisions	collision	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 exert	nsubj
2	exert	exert	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	only	only	ADV	_	5 forces	advmod
4	modest	modest	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 forces	amod
5	forces	force	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 exert	obj
6	upon	upon	ADP	_	7 passengers	case
7	passengers	passenger	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 exert	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	exert	present	Collisions	modest forces				upon passengers	vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent force=Theme

Option 3

A lap is adequate restraint upon short journeys at modest speed

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 lap	det
2	lap	lap	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 restraint	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 restraint	cop
4	adequate	adequate	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 restraint	amod
5	restraint	restraint	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	upon	upon	ADP	_	8 journeys	case
7	short	short	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 journeys	amod
8	journeys	journey	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 restraint	nmod
9	at	at	ADP	_	11 speed	case
10	modest	modest	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 speed	amod
11	speed	speed	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 journeys	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	a lap	adequate restraint				upon short journeys at modest speed	tree rules

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

In a collision the forces exceed what any adult's arms can restrain

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	3 collision	case
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 collision	det
3	collision	collision	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 exceed	obl
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 forces	det
5	forces	force	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 exceed	nsubj
6	exceed	exceed	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	what	what	PRON	PronType=Int	13 restrain	obj
8	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	9 adult	det
9	adult	adult	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 arms	nmod:poss
10	's	's	PART	_	9 adult	case
11	arms	arm	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 restrain	nsubj
12	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	13 restrain	aux
13	restrain	restrain	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 exceed	ccomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	exceed	present	the forces			a collision			tree rules
2	restrain	can	any adult's arms						vn discourage-64.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer what=Eventuality

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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