Test 6 · ★ · Crash forces, school buses and public buses

Which is true about crossing near a bus that has just stopped?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: bus · What happens: be, cross, stop · To what, where: bus

This is test 6 · ★ of lesson 269 «Crash forces, school buses and public buses» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	3 true	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 true	cop
3	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	about	about	SCONJ	_	5 crossing	mark
5	crossing	cross	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	3 true	advcl
6	near	near	ADP	_	8 bus	case
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 bus	det
8	bus	bus	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 crossing	obl
9	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	12 stopped	nsubj
10	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 stopped	aux
11	just	just	ADV	_	12 stopped	advmod
12	stopped	stop	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	8 bus	acl:relcl
13	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 true	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	where	other	roles by
1	is	present			true property	tree rules
2	cross	gerund		a bus		vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	stop	present · perfect	a bus			vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

It is safest to cross in front of the bus

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 safest	expl
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 safest	cop
3	safest	safe	ADJ	Degree=Sup	root	root
4	to	to	PART	_	5 cross	mark
5	cross	cross	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 safest	advcl
6	in	in	ADP	_	7 front	case
7	front	front	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 cross	obl
8	of	of	ADP	_	10 bus	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 bus	det
10	bus	bus	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 front	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						safe property	tree rules
2	cross	to-infinitive				front of the bus			vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

It is safest to wait until the bus has gone

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 safest	expl
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 safest	cop
3	safest	safe	ADJ	Degree=Sup	root	root
4	to	to	PART	_	5 wait	mark
5	wait	wait	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 safest	csubj
6	until	until	SCONJ	_	10 gone	mark
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 bus	det
8	bus	bus	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 gone	nsubj
9	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 gone	aux
10	gone	go	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	5 wait	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	is	present		safe property	tree rules
2	wait	to-infinitive			vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	go	present · perfect	the bus		vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 3

Cars always stop behind buses and wait

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Cars	car	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 stop	nsubj
2	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	3 stop	advmod
3	stop	stop	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	behind	behind	ADP	_	5 buses	case
5	buses	bus	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 stop	obl
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 wait	cc
7	wait	wait	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 stop	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	stop	present	Cars			buses		always property	vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
2	wait	infinitive	Cars not said here						vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice

Buses keep the road clear for you, so cars cannot come past them

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Buses	bus	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 keep	nsubj
2	keep	keep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 road	det
4	road	road	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 keep	obj
5	clear	clear	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 keep	xcomp
6	for	for	ADP	_	7 you	case
7	you	you	PRON	Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs	2 keep	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 come	punct
9	so	so	ADV	_	13 come	advmod
10	cars	car	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 come	nsubj
11	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	13 come	aux
12	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	13 come	advmod
13	come	come	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 keep	conj
14	past	past	ADP	_	15 them	case
15	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 come	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	keep	present	Buses	the road				for you; clear property	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent road=Theme
2	not come	can	cars					past Buses = bus	vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme past they=Initial_Location

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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