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Test 5 · ★ · Trains, the Underground and subways

A man leaves the train without paying because the gate was open. What can happen?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: man, gate · What happens: leave, pay, be, happen · To what, where: train

This is test 5 · ★ of lesson 270 «Trains, the Underground and subways» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A man leaves the train without paying because the gate was open.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 man	det
2	man	man	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 leaves	nsubj
3	leaves	leave	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 train	det
5	train	train	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 leaves	obj
6	without	without	SCONJ	_	7 paying	mark
7	paying	pay	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	3 leaves	advcl
8	because	because	SCONJ	_	12 open	mark
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 gate	det
10	gate	gate	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 open	nsubj
11	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	12 open	cop
12	open	open	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 paying	advcl
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 leaves	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	leave	present	a man	the train					vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent train=Theme
2	pay	gerund	a man not said here						vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
3	is	past	the gate					open property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What can happen?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 happen	nsubj
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 happen	aux
3	happen	happen	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 happen	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	happen	can							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

The options

Option 1

The train will refuse to start

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 train	det
2	train	train	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 refuse	nsubj
3	will	will	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 refuse	aux
4	refuse	refuse	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	to	to	PART	_	6 start	mark
6	start	start	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 refuse	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	refuse	future	the train						vn reject-77.2 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
2	not start	to-infinitive	the train not said here						vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

He can be fined if his ticket is checked

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 fined	nsubj:pass
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 fined	aux
3	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	4 fined	aux:pass
4	fined	fine	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	if	if	SCONJ	_	9 checked	mark
6	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 ticket	nmod:poss
7	ticket	ticket	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 checked	nsubj:pass
8	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 checked	aux:pass
9	checked	check	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 fined	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fine	can · passive		He					vn bill-54.5-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient
2	check a condition, not said to happen	present · passive		his ticket					vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
3	ticket		his = he						nom ticket «communication transitive»: poss=agent

Option 3

Nothing, because only the gates matter

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	root	root
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 matter	punct
3	because	because	SCONJ	_	7 matter	mark
4	only	only	ADV	_	6 gates	advmod
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 gates	det
6	gates	gate	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 matter	nsubj
7	matter	matter	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 Nothing	acl:relcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	matter	present	the gates						vn matter-91 «NP V»: agent=Stimulus

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice

He can pay next time instead, when he comes back

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 pay	nsubj
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 pay	aux
3	pay	pay	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	next	next	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 time	amod
5	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 pay	obj
6	instead	instead	ADV	_	3 pay	advmod
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 comes	punct
8	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	10 comes	advmod
9	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 comes	nsubj
10	comes	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 pay	parataxis
11	back	back	ADV	_	10 comes	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	pay	can	He				time	instead property	vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
2	come back	present	he						vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/270-trains-and-subways/t5/