Exam question 2 · Airports and planes
Identify the principal reason for which a seat belt is to remain fastened whenever a passenger is seated aboard an aircraft.
Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, seat belt · What happens: identify, be, fasten, seat · To what, where: principal reason, passenger
This is exam question 2 of lesson 271 «Airports and planes» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Identify | identify | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 reason | det |
| 3 | principal | principal | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 reason | amod |
| 4 | reason | reason | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Identify | obj |
| 5 | for | for | ADP | _ | 6 which | case |
| 6 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 12 remain | obl |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 belt | det |
| 8 | seat | seat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 belt | compound |
| 9 | belt | belt | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 remain | nsubj |
| 10 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 remain | cop |
| 11 | to | to | PART | _ | 12 remain | mark |
| 12 | remain | remain | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 reason | acl:relcl |
| 13 | fastened | fasten | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 12 remain | xcomp |
| 14 | whenever | whenever | SCONJ | _ | 18 seated | mark |
| 15 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 16 passenger | det |
| 16 | passenger | passenger | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 seated | nsubj:pass |
| 17 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 18 seated | aux:pass |
| 18 | seated | seat | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 12 remain | advcl |
| 19 | aboard | aboard | ADP | _ | 21 aircraft | case |
| 20 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 21 aircraft | det |
| 21 | aircraft | aircraft | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 seated | obl |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Identify | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | identify | imperative | you not said here | the principal reason | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme | ||||
| 2 | is | present | a seat belt | the principal reason not said here | for the principal reason; remain property | tree rules | |||
| 3 | fasten | participle | a seat belt not said here | vn shake-22.3-2-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 4 | seat | present · passive | a passenger | aboard a aircraft | vn fit-54.3 «NP.location V NP»: subject=Value |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The options
Option 1
The belt is required solely during take-off and landing
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 belt | det |
| 2 | belt | belt | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 required | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 required | aux:pass |
| 4 | required | require | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | solely | solely | ADV | _ | 4 required | advmod |
| 6 | during | during | ADP | _ | 9 off | case |
| 7 | take | take | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 off | compound |
| 8 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 9 off | punct |
| 9 | off | off | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 required | obl |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 landing | cc |
| 11 | landing | landing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 off | conj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | require | present · passive | the belt | during take off and landing | solely property | vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Precondition |
Option 2 · ← Mova's choice
The belt maintains the pressure within the passenger's ears
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 belt | det |
| 2 | belt | belt | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 maintains | nsubj |
| 3 | maintains | maintain | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 pressure | det |
| 5 | pressure | pressure | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 maintains | obj |
| 6 | within | within | ADP | _ | 10 ears | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 passenger | det |
| 8 | passenger | passenger | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 ears | nmod:poss |
| 9 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 8 passenger | case |
| 10 | ears | ear | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 maintains | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | maintain | present | the belt | the pressure | within the passenger's ears | vn declare-29.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent pressure=Theme |
Option 3
Cabin crew are thereby enabled to count the passengers
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Cabin | cabin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 crew | compound |
| 2 | crew | crew | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 enabled | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 enabled | aux:pass |
| 4 | thereby | thereby | ADV | _ | 5 enabled | advmod |
| 5 | enabled | enable | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 6 | to | to | PART | _ | 7 count | mark |
| 7 | count | count | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 enabled | advcl |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 passengers | det |
| 9 | passengers | passenger | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 count | obj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | enable | present · passive | Cabin crew | thereby property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | count | to-infinitive | the passengers | vn multiply-108 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent passenger=Theme |
Option 4 · ✓ the right answer
Turbulence may arise suddenly and without prior warning
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Turbulence | turbulence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 arise | nsubj |
| 2 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 3 arise | aux |
| 3 | arise | arise | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 4 | suddenly | suddenly | ADV | _ | 3 arise | advmod |
| 5 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 4 suddenly | cc |
| 6 | without | without | ADP | _ | 8 warning | case |
| 7 | prior | prior | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 warning | amod |
| 8 | warning | warning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 arise | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | arise | may | Turbulence | without prior warning; suddenly property | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/271-airports-and-planes/e2/