Exam question 2 · Bikes, scooters and car parks

Identify the principal reason for which a cyclist shall not proceed along the inside of a heavy goods vehicle at a junction.

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, cyclist · What happens: identify, not proceed · To what, where: principal reason, junction

This is exam question 2 of lesson 272 «Bikes, scooters and car parks» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 reason	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	amod
4	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	11 proceed	obl
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 cyclist	det
8	cyclist	cyclist	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 proceed	nsubj
9	shall	shall	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	11 proceed	aux
10	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	11 proceed	advmod
11	proceed	proceed	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 reason	parataxis
12	along	along	ADP	_	14 inside	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 inside	det
14	inside	inside	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 proceed	obl
15	of	of	ADP	_	19 vehicle	case
16	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	19 vehicle	det
17	heavy	heavy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 goods	amod
18	goods	goods	NOUN	Number=Ptan	19 vehicle	compound
19	vehicle	vehicle	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 inside	nmod
20	at	at	ADP	_	22 junction	case
21	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	22 junction	det
22	junction	junction	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 proceed	obl
23	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal reason					vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme
2	not proceed	shall	a cyclist			a junction		for the principal reason; along the inside of a goods vehicle	vn begin-55.1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Heavy goods vehicles are prohibited from turning at junctions

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Heavy	heavy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 goods	amod
2	goods	goods	NOUN	Number=Ptan	3 vehicles	compound
3	vehicles	vehicle	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 prohibited	nsubj:pass
4	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 prohibited	aux:pass
5	prohibited	prohibit	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	from	from	SCONJ	_	7 turning	mark
7	turning	turn	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	5 prohibited	advcl
8	at	at	ADP	_	9 junctions	case
9	junctions	junction	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 turning	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	prohibit	present · passive		goods vehicles					vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	turn	gerund				junctions			vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme at junction=Trajectory

Option 2

The inside lane is reserved exclusively for buses

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 lane	det
2	inside	inside	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 lane	amod
3	lane	lane	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 reserved	nsubj
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 reserved	aux:pass
5	reserved	reserve	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	exclusively	exclusively	ADV	_	5 reserved	advmod
7	for	for	ADP	_	8 buses	case
8	buses	bus	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 reserved	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	reserve	present · passive		the inside lane				for buses; exclusively property	vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: subject=Theme for bus=Beneficiary

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The driver cannot see the cyclist and may turn across them

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 driver	det
2	driver	driver	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 see	nsubj
3	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 see	aux
4	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	5 see	advmod
5	see	see	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 cyclist	det
7	cyclist	cyclist	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 see	obj
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 turn	cc
9	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	10 turn	aux
10	turn	turn	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 see	conj
11	across	across	ADP	_	12 them	case
12	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 turn	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not see	can	the driver	the cyclist					vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer cyclist=Stimulus
2	turn	may	the driver not said here					across them = they	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme across they=Trajectory

Option 4

The cyclist would thereby delay the traffic signals

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 cyclist	det
2	cyclist	cyclist	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 delay	nsubj
3	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 delay	aux
4	thereby	thereby	ADV	_	5 delay	advmod
5	delay	delay	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 signals	det
7	traffic	traffic	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 signals	compound
8	signals	signal	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 delay	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	delay	would	the cyclist	the traffic signals				thereby property	vn delay-53.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent signal=Source

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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