Exam question 2 · Railway crossings, maps and addresses

Identify the principal reason for which nothing is to be climbed in the vicinity of overhead railway wires.

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: you · What happens: identify, climb · To what, where: principal reason, nothing, vicinity

This is exam question 2 of lesson 275 «Railway crossings, maps and addresses» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 reason	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	amod
4	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	11 climbed	obl
7	nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	11 climbed	nsubj:pass
8	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 climbed	aux:pass
9	to	to	PART	_	11 climbed	mark
10	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	11 climbed	aux:pass
11	climbed	climb	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 reason	acl:relcl
12	in	in	ADP	_	14 vicinity	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 vicinity	det
14	vicinity	vicinity	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 climbed	obl
15	of	of	ADP	_	18 wires	case
16	overhead	overhead	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 wires	amod
17	railway	railway	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 wires	compound
18	wires	wire	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 vicinity	nmod
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal reason					vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme
2	climb	present · passive	you not said here	nothing		the vicinity of overhead railway wires		for the principal reason	vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

The wires are liable to fall in high wind

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 wires	det
2	wires	wire	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 liable	nsubj
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 liable	cop
4	liable	liable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	to	to	PART	_	6 fall	mark
6	fall	fall	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 liable	xcomp
7	in	in	ADP	_	9 wind	case
8	high	high	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 wind	amod
9	wind	wind	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 fall	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the wires					liable property	tree rules
2	fall	to-infinitive	the wires not said here			high wind			vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in wind=Location

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Electricity may jump from the wires to a person without contact

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Electricity	electricity	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 jump	nsubj
2	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 jump	aux
3	jump	jump	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	from	from	ADP	_	6 wires	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 wires	det
6	wires	wire	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 jump	obl
7	to	to	ADP	_	9 person	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 person	det
9	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 jump	obl
10	without	without	ADP	_	11 contact	case
11	contact	contact	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 jump	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	jump	may	Electricity			the wires		to a person result; without contact	vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.patient V PP.extent PP.source PP.goal»: agent=Patient from wire=Initial_State to person=Result

Option 3

The wires are heated to a high temperature

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 wires	det
2	wires	wire	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 heated	nsubj:pass
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 heated	aux:pass
4	heated	heat	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	to	to	ADP	_	8 temperature	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 temperature	det
7	high	high	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 temperature	amod
8	temperature	temperature	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 heated	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	heat	present · passive		the wires				to a high temperature result	vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP PP.result»: subject=Patient to temperature=Result

Option 4

The railway company prohibits climbing upon its structures for reasons of privacy

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 company	det
2	railway	railway	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 company	compound
3	company	company	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 prohibits	nsubj
4	prohibits	prohibit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	climbing	climb	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	4 prohibits	xcomp
6	upon	upon	ADP	_	8 structures	case
7	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 structures	nmod:poss
8	structures	structure	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 climbing	obl
9	for	for	ADP	_	10 reasons	case
10	reasons	reason	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 climbing	obl
11	of	of	ADP	_	12 privacy	case
12	privacy	privacy	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 reasons	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	prohibit	present	the railway company						vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Causer clause=Eventuality
2	climb	gerund	the railway company not said here			company's structures		for reasons of privacy	vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon structure=Trajectory

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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