Exam question 1 · Teeth, bath time, eyes, dressing, sleep and safe food

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the danger posed to small children by bath water?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · What happens: follow, characteris, pose · To what, where: danger, small children

This is exam question 1 of lesson 289 «Teeth, bath time, eyes, dressing, sleep and safe food» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 danger	det
10	danger	danger	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	posed	pose	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 danger	acl
12	to	to	ADP	_	14 children	case
13	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 children	amod
14	children	child	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 posed	obl
15	by	by	ADP	_	17 water	case
16	bath	bath	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 water	compound
17	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 posed	obl
18	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	to whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund				vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present	the danger		of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	pose	participle	the danger not said here	small children	by bath water	vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V PP.recipient how S»: agent=Agent to child=Recipient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

They always splash and cry out when slipping

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 splash	nsubj
2	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	3 splash	advmod
3	splash	splash	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 cry	cc
5	cry	cry	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 splash	conj
6	out	out	ADP	_	5 cry	compound:prt
7	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	8 slipping	advmod
8	slipping	slip	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	5 cry	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	splash	present	They	always property	vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	cry out speech: express	present	They not said here		vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	slip	gerund	They not said here		vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute

Option 2

They are at risk only in swimming pools

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 risk	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 risk	cop
3	at	at	ADP	_	4 risk	case
4	risk	risk	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	only	only	ADV	_	8 pools	advmod
6	in	in	ADP	_	8 pools	case
7	swimming	swimming	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 pools	compound
8	pools	pool	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 risk	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	They			risk		in swimming pools	tree rules

Option 3

They are safe provided that the water reaches no higher than the ankle

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 provided	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 provided	aux:pass
3	safe	safe	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 provided	amod
4	provided	provide	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	that	that	SCONJ	_	8 reaches	mark
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 water	det
7	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 reaches	nsubj
8	reaches	reach	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 provided	advcl
9	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	10 higher	det
10	higher	high	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	8 reaches	obj
11	than	than	ADP	_	13 ankle	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 ankle	det
13	ankle	ankle	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 higher	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	provide	present · passive		They					vn ensure-99 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	reach	present	the water	no higher					vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent high=Theme

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

They may drown in a few centimetres of water within seconds, without a sound

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 drown	nsubj
2	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 drown	aux
3	drown	drown	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	7 centimetres	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 centimetres	det
6	few	few	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 centimetres	amod
7	centimetres	centimetre	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 drown	obl
8	of	of	ADP	_	9 water	case
9	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 centimetres	nmod
10	within	within	ADP	_	11 seconds	case
11	seconds	second	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 drown	obl
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 sound	punct
13	without	without	ADP	_	15 sound	case
14	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 sound	det
15	sound	sound	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 drown	parataxis

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	drown	may	They			a few centimetres of water	second		vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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