Exam question 4 · Campfires, rivers, beaches, pools, floods and rainbows

State the correct manner of crossing a river.

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: correct manner · What happens: cross · To what, where: river

This is exam question 4 of lesson 300 «Campfires, rivers, beaches, pools, floods and rainbows» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	State	state	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 manner	det
3	correct	correct	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 manner	amod
4	manner	manner	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 State	nmod
5	of	of	SCONJ	_	6 crossing	mark
6	crossing	cross	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	4 manner	acl
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 river	det
8	river	river	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 crossing	obj
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 State	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cross	gerund	the correct manner not said here	a river					vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent river=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

By wading across where the surface appears calm and shallow

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	By	by	SCONJ	_	2 wading	mark
2	wading	wade	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
3	across	across	ADP	_	7 appears	mark
4	where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	7 appears	advmod
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 surface	det
6	surface	surface	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 appears	nsubj
7	appears	appear	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 wading	advcl
8	calm	calm	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 wading	xcomp
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 shallow	cc
10	shallow	shallow	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 calm	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	wade	gerund						calm property	vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	appear	present	the surface						vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

By a bridge, or with an adult who confirms it is safe

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	By	by	ADP	_	3 bridge	case
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 bridge	det
3	bridge	bridge	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 safe	nsubj
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 adult	punct
5	or	or	CCONJ	_	8 adult	cc
6	with	with	ADP	_	8 adult	case
7	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 adult	det
8	adult	adult	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 bridge	appos
9	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	10 confirms	nsubj
10	confirms	confirm	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 adult	acl:relcl
11	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 confirms	obj
12	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 safe	cop
13	safe	safe	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	confirm	present	a adult	bridge					vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot it=Topic
2	is	present	a bridge					safe property	tree rules

Option 3

By jumping between wet stones

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	By	by	SCONJ	_	2 jumping	mark
2	jumping	jump	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
3	between	between	ADP	_	5 stones	case
4	wet	wet	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 stones	amod
5	stones	stone	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 jumping	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	jump	gerund				wet stones			vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme between stone=Trajectory

Option 4

By walking along the bridge railings

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	By	by	SCONJ	_	2 walking	mark
2	walking	walk	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
3	along	along	ADP	_	6 railings	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 railings	det
5	bridge	bridge	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 railings	compound
6	railings	railing	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 walking	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	walk	gerund				the bridge railings			vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme along railing=Trajectory

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/300-campfires-rivers-pools-and-rain/e4/