Exam question 2 · Tsunami warnings, lambs, berries, thorns, cacti, fire ants…

Identify the principal reason for which a honeybee usually dies after stinging a person.

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, honeybee · What happens: identify, die, sting · To what, where: principal reason, person

This is exam question 2 of lesson 301 «Tsunami warnings, lambs, berries, thorns, cacti, fire ants and bee stings» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 reason	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	amod
4	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	10 dies	obl
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 honeybee	det
8	honeybee	honeybee	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 dies	nsubj
9	usually	usually	ADV	_	10 dies	advmod
10	dies	die	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 reason	acl
11	after	after	SCONJ	_	12 stinging	mark
12	stinging	sting	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	10 dies	advcl
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 person	det
14	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 stinging	obj
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal reason		vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme
2	die	present	a honeybee		for the principal reason; usually property	vn long-32.2 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Pivot for which=Theme
3	sting	gerund	a honeybee not said here	a person		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus person=Experiencer

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

It uses all its venom in one sting

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 uses	nsubj
2	uses	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	5 venom	det:predet
4	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 venom	nmod:poss
5	venom	venom	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 uses	obj
6	in	in	ADP	_	8 sting	case
7	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	8 sting	nummod
8	sting	sting	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 uses	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	use	present	It	its venom		one sting			vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent venom=Patient

Option 2

It cannot fly after it has stung

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 fly	nsubj
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 fly	aux
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 fly	advmod
4	fly	fly	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	after	after	SCONJ	_	8 stung	mark
6	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 stung	nsubj:pass
7	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 stung	aux
8	stung	sting	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 fly	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not fly	can	It						vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	sting	present · perfect · passive		it					vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Its barbed sting becomes stuck in the skin

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	3 sting	nmod:poss
2	barbed	barbed	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 sting	amod
3	sting	sting	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 becomes	nsubj
4	becomes	become	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	stuck	stuck	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 becomes	xcomp
6	in	in	ADP	_	8 skin	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 skin	det
8	skin	skin	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 stuck	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	become	present	Its barbed sting					stuck property	vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient
2	sting		Its = it						nom sting «state transitive»: poss=agent

Option 4

It is crushed by the person in every case, whether struck or not

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 crushed	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 crushed	aux:pass
3	crushed	crush	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	by	by	ADP	_	6 person	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 person	det
6	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 crushed	obl
7	in	in	ADP	_	9 case	case
8	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	9 case	det
9	case	case	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 person	nmod
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 struck	punct
11	whether	whether	SCONJ	_	12 struck	mark
12	struck	strike	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 crushed	conj
13	or	or	CCONJ	_	14 not	cc
14	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	12 struck	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	crush	present · passive	the person in every case	It					vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient
2	strike	participle	the person in every case not said here						vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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