Test 4 · ★ · Pavements, crossings, cars, trains, airports and bikes

In a crash, why does a seat belt across the neck cause harm?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · What happens: do · To what, where: seat belt, crash

This is test 4 · ★ of lesson 310 «Pavements, crossings, cars, trains, airports and bikes» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	3 crash	case
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 crash	det
3	crash	crash	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 does	obl
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 crash	punct
5	why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	6 does	advmod
6	does	do	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 belt	det
8	seat	seat	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 belt	compound
9	belt	belt	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 does	obj
10	across	across	ADP	_	14 harm	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 harm	det
12	neck	neck	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 cause	compound
13	cause	cause	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 harm	compound
14	harm	harm	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 does	obl
15	?	?	PUNCT	_	6 does	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	do	present		a seat belt		a crash		across the cause harm	vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent belt=Eventuality

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The belt must hold the strong bones of the hips and chest, not the soft neck

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 belt	det
2	belt	belt	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 hold	nsubj
3	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 hold	aux
4	hold	hold	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 bones	det
6	strong	strong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 bones	amod
7	bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 hold	obj
8	of	of	ADP	_	10 hips	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 hips	det
10	hips	hip	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 bones	nmod
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 chest	cc
12	chest	chest	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 hips	conj
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 neck	punct
14	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	17 neck	advmod
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 neck	det
16	soft	soft	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 neck	amod
17	neck	neck	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 hold	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hold	must	the belt	the strong bones of the hips and chest				the soft neck obl	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bone=Theme

Option 2

A belt higher up on the neck protects better, because it holds your head still

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 belt	det
2	belt	belt	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 protects	nsubj
3	higher	high	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	2 belt	amod
4	up	up	ADV	_	3 higher	advmod
5	on	on	ADP	_	7 neck	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 neck	det
7	neck	neck	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 belt	nmod
8	protects	protect	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	better	good	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	8 protects	xcomp
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 holds	punct
11	because	because	SCONJ	_	13 holds	mark
12	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 holds	nsubj
13	holds	hold	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 protects	conj
14	your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	15 head	nmod:poss
15	head	head	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 holds	obj
16	still	still	ADV	_	13 holds	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	protect	present	a belt on the neck					good property	vn defend-72.3 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent
2	hold	present	belt	your head			still		vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent head=Theme

Option 3

Seat belts never matter in small crashes

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Seat	seat	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 belts	compound
2	belts	belt	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 matter	nsubj
3	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	4 matter	advmod
4	matter	matter	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 crashes	case
6	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 crashes	amod
7	crashes	crash	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 matter	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not matter	present	Seat belts			small crashes			vn matter-91 «NP V»: agent=Stimulus

Option 4

It only matters for adults, not for children

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 matters	nsubj
2	only	only	ADV	_	3 matters	advmod
3	matters	matter	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	for	for	ADP	_	5 adults	case
5	adults	adult	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 matters	obl
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 children	punct
7	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	9 children	advmod
8	for	for	ADP	_	9 children	case
9	children	child	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 adults	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	matter	present	It					for adults and children	vn matter-91 «NP V»: agent=Stimulus

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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